Organelles/Cells

• Cell


  Basic building blocks of life
• Seven criteria for life

  • Intake nutrients
  • Movement
  • Growth
  • Response to stimuli
  • Exchange of gases
  • Waste removal
  • Reproduction
• Stem cells


  Cells that divide and develop into specialized cells (animals)
• Meristem cells


  Cells that divide and develop into specialized cells (plants)
• Organelles


  Little organs that perform and function to maintain the life processes
• Cell membrane


  • Protective barrier
  • Allows transport
  • Cell communication
  • Semi-permeable
• Nucleus


  • Programs the cell for replication
  • Contains DNA
  • Directs cell activities
• Nuclear Envelope


  • Surrounds nucleus
  • Contains pores for transport
• Cytoplasm


  • Contains nutrients and cell materials
  • Gel-like
  • Move through cytoplasmic streaming, or Brownian motion
• Cell wall


  • Rigid frame
  • Provides strength and support
• Chloroplasts


  • Contain chlorophyll
  • Site of photosynthesis
• Vacuoles


  • Membrane bound structures
  • Responsible for storing water to maintain a rigid structure in plant cells
  • Stores water and nutrients in animal cells
• Vesicles


  • Membrane bound structures
  • Function in storage – nutrients, waste, secretion, fats
  • Transport substances across cell
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  • Formed by an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles and cisternae
  • Function in formation and transport of proteins (integral membrane and secreted proteins)
  • Rough ER - ER studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis
  • Smooth ER - Synthesis of lipids (fats and oils), Maintain calcium concentration, Attach receptors to cell membrane proteins
• Ribosomes


  • Sites of protein synthesis
• Lysosomes


  • Digestion
  • Protect the cell against invaders (bacteria)
  • Destroy damaged organelles
• Golgi apparatus


  • Formed by flat shaped discs
  • Packages materials from the ER for transport out of cell (secretion)
• Mitochondria


  • Perform cellular respiration
  • Important for converting sugars into usable chemical energy
• Centrioles


  • DNA replication in animal cells
• Differences between plant and animal cells

  • No Centrioles (plant)
  • Have Centrioles (animal)
  • Cell Wall (plant)
  • No Cell Wall (animal)
  • Chloroplasts (plant)
  • No Chloroplasts (animal)
  • Large Central Vacuole (plant)
  • Smaller Vacuoles & Vesicles (animal)
• Prokaryotes


  Cells that do not have membrane-bound organelles
• Eukaryotes


  Cells that have membrane-bound organelles (most plant and animal cells)