NCM1B

• Health


  A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
• Health is a fundamental human right
• Health


  Is linked to the environment in which people live and especially to their ability to adapt and integrate into their life context
• Normality


  Needs to be contextualized by gender, geographical origin, and by individual's living conditions
• The concept of health is relative; the result of an interesting evolution of the concept of illness
• Acute illness


  A health condition that develops quickly and lasts only a short amount of time, such as a few days or weeks
• Acute illness


  • Affects one portion of the body and responds to treatment
  • Common causes include viruses, infections, or injuries
• Acute illness


  • asthma attacks, flu, common cold, strep throat, burns
• Chronic illness


  A health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time
• Chronic illness


  • Often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than 3 months
  • Affects multiple areas of the body, and is not fully responsive to treatment, and persists for an extended period of time
• Chronic illness


  • diabetes, arthritis, COPD, functional gastrointestinal disorder, autoimmune diseases
• Travis' Illness - Wellness Continuum


  A visual tool that can be used to help people make healthy choices in their lives. At one end is PREMATURE DEATH, while OPTIMAL HEALTH lies at the other end
• 8 Mutually Interdependent Dimensions of Wellness

  • Physical
  • Intellectual
  • Emotional
  • Social
  • Spiritual
  • Vocational
  • Financial
  • Environmental
• Comfort Zone


  A neutral point where there is no visible illness, the purpose is to avoid feelings of anxiety or stress, and pain
• Continuum of Care


  A treatment system in which clients enter treatment at a level appropriate to their needs and then step up to more intense treatment or down to less intense treatment as needed
• Health Promotion


  A process of enabling people to increase control over the determinants of health and thereby improve their health
• Health Promotion


  • Major goals are to help people of all ages stay healthy, optimize health in cases of chronic disease or disability, and create healthy environments
  • Includes activities for the community at large or for populations at increase risk of negative health outcomes
• 7 priority areas for health promotion

  • diet and physical activity
  • environmental health
  • immunization
  • substance abuse
  • mental health
  • sexual and reproductive health
  • violence and injury prevention
• Prevention


  The management of those factors that could lead to disease as to prevent the occurrence of disease
• 4 Types/ Levels of Prevention

  • Primordial Prevention
  • Primary Prevention
  • Secondary Prevention
  • Tertiary Prevention
• Primordial Prevention


  Focuses on risk factor prevention, avoiding the risk factors
• Primary Prevention


  Intervening before health effects occur, through treating the risk factors, regarded as the most cost-effective form of prevention interventions
• Secondary Prevention


  Screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages before the onset of signs and symptoms
• Tertiary Prevention


  Aims to reduce the effects of the disease once established in an individual
• Curative Care


  Treatment and therapies provided to a patient with the main intent of fully resolving an illness and the goal of bringing the patient ideally to their status of health before the illness presented itself
• Aggressive Care


  A form of curative care and represents a proactive approach to medical treatment, aggressively aims to eliminate medical issues rather than simply minimizing their impacts
• Rehabilitation


  A set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in the individuals with health conditions in interaction with their environment
• Globally, an estimated 2.4 billion people are currently living with a health condition that benefits from rehabilitation
• In some low and middle income countries, more than 50% of people do not receive the rehabilitation services they require
• Asepsis


  The absence of infectious material or infection
• 2 types of Asepsis

  • Surgical Asepsis
  • Medical Asepsis
• Surgical Asepsis


  The absence of all microorganisms within any type of invasive procedure
• Medical Asepsis


  Reduces the number and transmission of disease-causing microorganisms after they leave the body, but doesn't necessarily eliminate them
• Sterile technique


  A set of specific practices and procedures performed to make equipment and areas free from all microorganisms and to maintain that sterility
• 12 Principles of Sterile Technique


  • All items used in surgery must be pre-sterilized
  • Sterile Individuals only touch sterile items, and vice versa for non-sterile individuals
  • Sterile personnel avoid unsterile areas, maintaining a 12-inch distance from them
  • When unsure of an item's sterility, treat it as unsterile
  • Gowns are sterile from the front waist to shoulder and sleeves to 2 inches above elbows
  • Keep hands visible and above waist level. Don't touch face.
  • Don't fold arms; items dropped below waist are discarded
  • Sterile staff stay within sterile zones. When passing; face or turn back to non-sterile people, face sterile zones, and have non-sterile individuals step aside
  • To sneeze or cough, step back; turn head away for perspiration or while draping a patient
  • 10. Sterile staff stay in the OR; don't wander
  • 11. Limit contact with sterile zones; avoid leaning on tables, draped patients, or trays.
  • 12. Observers: remain in room until the procedure ends, Reduce chatter. Any questions? Ask the circulating nurse.
• Personal Hygiene


  How you care for your body that includes bathing, washing your hands, brushing your teeth, and more
• 5 Cores of Medical Aseptic Practices

  • Handwashing
  • Cleaning the environment
  • Wearing appropriate PPE - includes gloves, gowns, masks, face shields, hair and shoe covers
  • Disinfecting articles and surfaces
  • Use of antiseptics
• Types of Personal Hygiene

  • Toilet Hygiene
  • Shower Hygiene
  • Nail Hygiene
  • Teeth Hygiene
  • Sickness Hygiene - includes covering your mouth and nose when sneezing, wiping down shared surfaces with an antibacterial wipe
  • Hand hygiene - considered a primary measure for reducing the risk of transmitting infection among patients and health care personnel
• 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene

  • Before touching a patient
  • Before a procedure
  • After a procedure or body fluid exposure risk
  • After touching a patient
  • After touching a patient's surroundings
• Comfort


  May be described as ease or wellbeing