funda LEC MIDTERMS

• Communication


  Any means of exchanging information or feelings between two or more people
• Communication


  • Basic component of human relationship
  • Intent: to obtain a response
• Purposes of communication

  • Influence others
  • Obtain information
• Modes of communication

  • Verbal communication
  • Nonverbal communication
  • Electronic communication
• Verbal communication


  • Pace and Intonation
  • Simplicity
  • Clarity and Brevity
  • Timing and Relevance
  • Adaptability
  • Credibility
  • Humor
• Pace & Intonation


  The manner of speech (rate, rhythm, tone) will modify the feeling and impact of message
• Simplicity


  Use of commonly understood words, brevity and completeness. Avoid making shortcuts like using medical abbreviations
• Clarity


  Saying exactly what is meant
• Brevity


  Using the fewest words necessary
• Timing and Relevance

  Words need to be heard at the appropriate time and relate to the person or their interests and concerns
• Adaptability


  Spoken messages need to be altered in accordance with behavioral cues from the receiver
• Credibility


  Worthiness of belief, trustworthiness, and reliability
• Reliability


  Developed by being consistent, dependable and honest
• Humor


  The use of humor may help clients to adjust to difficult & painful situations, but must be used with care
• Elements of nonverbal communication


  • Body language
  • Personal appearance
  • Posture and gait
  • Facial expression
  • Gestures
• Personal appearance


  How a person dresses is often an indicator of how he feels
• Posture & gait


  The way people walk & carry themselves are often reliable indicators of self-concept, current mood, and health
• Facial expression


  The face is the most expressive part of the body. Eye contact is an essential element of facial communication
• Gestures


  Hand and body gestures are expressive and communicate feelings at any given moment
• Electronic communication


  Can be used in health care facilities to schedule & confirm appointments, report normal lab results, conduct client education, and follow-up discharged clients
• Factors influencing the communication process

  • Development
  • Gender
  • Values and Perceptions
  • Personal space/Proxemics
  • Territoriality
  • Roles and relationship
  • Environment
  • Congruence
  • Interpersonal attitudes
  • Boundaries
• Development

  Knowledge of a client's developmental stage will allow the nurse to modify the message accordingly
• Gender

  Girls tend to use language to seek confirmation, minimize differences, and establish intimacy. Boys use language to establish independence and negotiate status within a group
• Values

  Standards that influence behavior
• Perception


  A personal view of an event
• Personal space


  The distance people prefer in interactions with others

  
• Proxemics


  The study of distance between people in their interactions

  
• Territoriality


  The concept of the space and things that an individual considers as belonging to the self
• Roles & Relationships

  Affect the content and responses in the communication process
• Environment

  People usually communicate effectively in a comfortable environment
• Congruence


  Verbal and nonverbal aspects match
• Interpersonal attitudes

  Attitudes convey beliefs, thoughts, and feelings about people and events. Caring, warmth, respect and acceptance facilitate communication. Health care providers may unknowingly use speech that they believe shows caring but the client perceives as demeaning or patronizing
• Interpersonal attitudes

  • Elderspeak
• Boundaries


  Limits of individuals, objects or relationships. Professional boundaries keep focus on the client, avoid sharing personal information, affirm professional role in the relationship

  
• Therapeutic communication


  Promotes understanding, helps establish constructive relationship between nurse and client, client centered, goal directed/helping relationship, active listening, visibly turning in
• Helping relationship

  Nurse-client relationship, Interpersonal relationship, Therapeutic relationship
• Phases of the helping relationship

  • Pre-interaction Phase
  • Introductory/Orientation/Initiation Phase
  • Working Phase
  • Termination Phase
• Pre-interaction Phase


  Before the face to face meeting, Planning stage
• Introductory/Orientation/Initiation Phase

  Sets the tone of the relationship, Goal: to develop trust and security within the relationship, Identification of the problem
• Working Phase


  Exploring and understanding thoughts and feelings, Facilitating and taking action