history ch.24

• what was the revolution in saint domingue?

  There ruling country was france and enslaved africans where treated brutally and rose up against their masters. They fought for their freedom and colony was free of european master
• what was the revolution in venezuela?

  ruling country was spain and after bolivar led his army to columbia and took spanish army by surprise he won venezula independence
• what was the revolution like in argentina?

  ruling country was spain and jose de san martin led his army to chile where he joined forces with o higgins. They teamed up and won independence for latin american countries
• what was the revolution like in mexico?

  ruling country was spain and miguel hidalgo started a rebelion against spanish. Mexicans were alarmed after spain put a group in charge of mexico and teamed up the win independance
• what was the revolution like in brazil?

  portugal was the ruling country. Napoleon invaded spain and portugal. Portugese ruling family escapes to brazil. King jhon stays behind in brazil with a goal to turn it into independent colony and thats what he does
• who where penninsulares?


  1

  born in spain and could hold high office jobs
• who where creoles?


  2 spaniards born in latin america who could be military leaders
• who where mestizos?


  3 mixed european and native ancestry
• who where mulattos?

  4 mixed european and african ancestry
• who was 5 in class system?

  enslaved africans
• who was 6 in class system?

  natives
• what was nationalism and how did it impact europe?

  as people started to become more loyal to their country they wanted to be governed by people of the same beliefs
• why did greece want to break away from the ottoman empire?

  they didnt share the same bonds and beliefs
• what was the second french revolution?

  king charles x tried to dissolve parliment and become absolute ruler. This leads to many bloody riots
• what was the third republic?

  frances 3rd attempt at democratic gov. which means people could vote on representatives and have a parliment
• why did russia support fuedelism?

  It maintained their power structure. They also had a large population and where conserned that freeing serfs would ruin the economy
• why did russia want to the end the fuedal system?

  People thought it was wrong and france and englas where more advanced
• why did russia struggle to maintain their empire more than others?

  They had people of many cultures and beliefs
• how did russification lead to an increase of nationalism?

  They forced russian culture on all ethnic groups and this angered many
• what reason was land typically transfered from one region to anothed?

  Nationalism made it so many people wanted to be be governed by someone with the same beliefs
• what where the threes aging empires of europe in the mid 1800s?

  austrian russian ottoman and turks
• who where junkers?


  conservative supporters
• who was otto van bishmarck?

  king of prussias prime minister
• what is realpolitik?


  used to describe politics with no room for idealism
• what where the three major wars that led to german unification?

  1. prussia and austria vs. Denmark
  2. prussia vs. austria
  3. franco prussian war
• what happened in the prussia austria vs. Denmark war?

  denmark controlled areas of germans and prussia and austria wanted to win those areas
• what happened in the war against prussia vs. Austria?

  prussia wanted to be on top and have control of german people
• what happened in the franco prussian war?

  bismark minipulates france to start war to unite germans
• what where the three major kingdoms in italy?

  kingdom of sardinia, kingdom of 2 sicilys, and papal states
• where was the kingdom of sardinia located?

  north italy
• where was the kingdom of 2 sicilys located?

  southern italy
• where were the papal states located?

  central italy
• who where the leaders of italian unification?

  camillo di cavour and giuseppe garibald
• where was camillo di cavour from and what was his plan?

  prime minister of sardinia with the plan of driving austria out of northern italy
• who was giuseppe garibald and what was his plan?

  he agreed to unite southern conquered areas (sicily) with piedmont sardinia
• why was central italy unique and what where the arrangments made during unification?

  it was controlled by the pope and people couldnt just attack the pope so the approched the pope with an ultimatum
• what was the ultimatum given to the pope of central italy?

  we wont attack you if you give us land, in return you can have vatican city
• what was romanticism?

  a movement that reflected deep interest in nature and feelings of individuals
• what where romantic ideals?

  writers started to focus more on feelings and emotions rather then reason
• what was realism?

  focus on showing how life really was and reflected the suffering of the working class