C6

• What is the definition of concentration?

  The amount of dissolved solid in a solution
• What causes pressure in a gas?

  Gas particles hitting the surface of a container
• What does surface area measure?

  The total area around a substance
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that speeds up a reaction
• What are enzymes?

  Biological catalysts
• What is activation energy?

  The minimum energy needed for a reaction
• How can the rate of a reaction be calculated?

  From the amount of product or reactant over time
• What is the unit for rate of reaction?

  grams per second (g/s)
• What effect does temperature have on reaction rate?

  Higher temperature increases the reaction rate
• How does concentration affect reaction rate?

  Higher concentration increases the reaction rate
• What is the effect of surface area on reaction rate?

  Larger surface area increases the reaction rate
• How does pressure influence reaction rate?

  Higher pressure increases the reaction rate
• What is collision theory?

  Reactions occur when particles collide with energy
• How does increasing temperature affect collision frequency?

  It increases both frequency and energy of collisions
• What do catalysts do in a reaction?

  They provide a pathway requiring less energy
• What is a reversible reaction?

  A reaction where products can form reactants again
• How is a reversible reaction represented?

  With a double arrow between reactants and products
• How can changing conditions affect reversible reactions?

  They can shift the position of equilibrium
• What happens when the temperature of an exothermic reaction is increased?

  Products decrease in amount
• What happens when the pressure of a gas is increased in equilibrium?

  Equilibrium moves to the side with fewer gas molecules
• Do catalysts appear in word equations?

  No, they remain unchanged
• What are the factors that affect the rate of a reaction?

  • Temperature: Higher temperature increases rate
  • Concentration: Higher concentration increases rate
  • Surface Area: Larger area increases rate
  • Pressure: Higher pressure increases rate
• How does Le Chatelier's principle relate to equilibrium in reversible reactions?

  • Changes in conditions shift equilibrium
  • Increased concentration shifts right (more products)
  • Increased temperature affects product amounts
  • Increased pressure shifts to fewer gas molecules