5.2

• Dissolving


  Particles of the substance separate from each other and disperse into the solution
• Non-electrolytes


  Disperse electrically neutral particles
• Non-electrolyte


  • sucrose
• Dissociation


  The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water
• Solvation


  The process of solvent molecules attracting and breaking apart the ion crystal lattice
• Dissociation Equations must be balanced and show the correct ion charges and states of matter
• Ionization


  The process by which a neutral atom or molecule is converted to an ion
• The dissociation of bases is similar to that of any other ionic compound. The crystal lattice structure is pulled apart
• Endothermic reaction


  If more energy is absorbed than released
• Exothermic reaction


  If more energy is released than absorbed
• Substances in water


  • Dissolve
  • Dissociate
  • Ionize
  • Remain as molecular species
• Chemicals are more easily handled in solution. Transportation, manipulation and storing chemicals in solution is often more convenient and efficient than as gases or solids
• Carrying out reactions in solution is more controllable. The rate, completeness, and kind of product can all be more easily controlled
• In a mixture of solids and a gas, collisions can only take place on a small surface area
• Dissolving the reactants in solution reduces the particles to their smallest entities by dissociation and therefore provides the largest surface area. A greater number of collisions can therefore occur and reaction can proceed at a faster and more efficient pace (speed)
• Corrosion requires an aqueous (moist) environment
• In living systems reactions such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis can only occur in the aqueous medium of the cytoplasm