SS STAAR

• Reasons for exploration


  • Wealth
  • Religion
  • Expand empires
  • Claim territory
  • New trade routes to Asia through Northwest Passage
• Spain


  • Claimed Florida, Texas, California
  • Built missions
• France


  • Claimed land in New World to profit from fur trading
• New England colonies


  • Rocky soil
  • Cold climate
  • Harbors
  • Fishing
  • Lumber
  • Shipbuilding
  • Founded for religious freedom
• Religious toleration


  To escape religious persecution, Roger Williams left Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island
• Massachusetts


  • New England colony
  • Puritans/Pilgrims founded for religious freedom
  • Boston major port city
• Middle colonies


  • Rich farmland
  • Moderate climate
  • Grew oats, wheat, grain, and raised livestock
• Quakers


  • 1st anti-slavery group who lived in Pennsylvania
• Southern colonies


  • Fertile soil
  • Warm climate
  • Cash crops
  • Transatlantic Slave Trade provided slave labor for plantations
  • Founded mainly for economic reasons
  • Jamestown, Virginia
• Maryland


  • Founded for Catholics seeking religious freedom
• Reasons for growth of representative/self-government

  • Distance from Britain
  • Pilgrim's Mayflower Compact (social contract)
  • Virginia House of Burgesses
  • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
  • First Great Awakening
  • John Locke
• Mercantilism


  British controlled colonial trade; angered colonists
• Citizen responsibilities are to serve on juries, vote in elections, stay informed, and obey laws
• 1st Amendment


  • Freedom of religion (church/mosque)
  • Freedom of speech (criticize)
  • Freedom of press (media)
  • Freedom of assembly (peaceful protest)
  • Freedom to petition (ask for change)
• 4th Amendment


  • No unreasonable search or seizure
• 6th Amendment


  • Right to trial by jury
• 8th Amendment


  • Freedom from cruel or unusual punishment
• 10th Amendment


  • Rights not given to the federal government are given to the states; created federalism which prevents abuse of power by central government
• Hamilton's Financial Plan


  1. Establish National Bank

  2. Pay off war debt

  3. Pass whiskey tax

  4. Protective tariff
• Washington warned against having permanent foreign alliances and creating political parties in his Farewell Address
• Federalist Party


  • Wanted: Stronger federal government, an industrial economy, a federal bank
• Democratic-Republican Party


  • Wanted: Less federal government power, an agricultural economy, state banks
• Marbury v. Madison


  • Established judicial review, which gave Supreme Court power to declare laws unconstitutional
• Gibbons v. Ogden


  • Established federal rule over interstate trade
• Louisiana Purchase


  • 1803; Doubled size of the U.S.; U.S. gained fertile farmland and access to Mississippi River
• Causes of War of 1812

  • British impressment of U.S. sailors
• Monroe Doctrine


  • Prevented European colonization of land in the Western Hemisphere
• Jacksonian Democracy


  • Democratic Party; Voting increased; Viewed by opponents as too powerful; Spoils system; Favored commoners-not the wealthy
• Nullification Crisis


  • Did South Carolina have the right to nullify (overturn) a federal law; Argument over states' rights vs federal rights
• Worcester v. Georgia


  • Indian Removal Act forced Natives off lands; Cherokee sued to keep land; Court favored Natives; Jackson ignored the Court and forced Natives to relocate to present-day Oklahoma
• Hudson River School


  • Artists painted landscapes and nature
• Effects of the War of 1812

  U.S. manufacturing increased because of boycott of British goods
• Industrial Revolution


  • New inventions helped farming and helped factories make goods faster; Goods became cheaper; Need for workers grew
• Cotton gin


  • Expanded cotton production and the need for more agricultural labor (slaves)
• Interchangeable parts


  • More efficient way to produce goods; Led to mass production; Price of goods decreased
• Free enterprise


  Economy with little government regulation; Based off supply and demand; Developed in response to strong colonial trade laws
• Women


  • Started working outside the home, mainly in textile mills
• Canals


  • Man-made rivers; Price of goods decreased; Northeast cities grew along canals (New York City); Erie Canal
• Steamboat and railroads


  • Resulted in faster, more efficient transportation of goods; Price of goods decreased
• Telegraph


  • Invention by Samuel Morse used to communicate rapidly over long distances