4.2: Body Mass Index

• Excess body fat tissue, which results in 20% or more of excess in the desirable weight leads to obesity.
• Body Mass Index - is the most common method used to measure excess body fat.
• Body Mass Index - It is a gauge that determines your risk for diseases as a result of excess body.
• Body Mass Index is a simple calculation using a person's:

  Height, Weight
• BMI: kg/m^2
• A BMI of 25.0 or more is overweight.
• BMI

  Healthy range is 18.5 to 24.9
• A BMI of 18.5 or less is underweight.
• Obesity I:

  30.0 - 34.9
• Obesity II:

  35.0 - 39.9
• Extreme Obesity III:

  40.0
• Obesity has a risk for diseases like Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and CVD.
• Nutrition - is the study of nutrients in food, how the body uses them, and the relationship between diet, health, and disease.
• Malnutrition - is the condition that develops when the body is deprived of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.
• Protein Energy Malnutrition - occurs as a result of severe deficiency of energy and protein.
• Two Distinct Syndrome that is described as PEM:

  • Marasmus
  • Kwashiorkor
• Marasmus - is caused by a combined protein and energy deficiency, which is most commonly seen where adequate qualities of food are unavailable.
• Kwashiorkor - is caused by a deficiency of protein in the presence of adequate energy. These nutritional disorders manifest weight, fat, and muscle loss, and growth failure.
• Vitamin A Deficiency - causes blindness. It is one of the most common health problems in the developing countries like Philippines.
• Anemia - is a common condition wherein the body lacks red blood cells (RBCs), or RBCs cannot carry enough oxygen.
• The most common cause of anemia worldwide is the iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
• Constipation - is a common complaint among individuals having stools that are too hard, small or infrequent, or experiencing excessive straining during defecation.
• Diarrhea - refers to the increase frequency of bowel movement (more than two or three bowel movements per day) or increased stool liquidity, and a sense of bowel movement urgency.
• Belching/Burping - is the release of gas from the stomach or the esophagus, occurs most frequently after meals. It is a normal reflex and does not indicate digestive dysfunction.