CPAR LESSON 2

• PHILIPPINE ARTS HISTORICAL TIMELINE

  • Pre-Colonial Art Period
  • Spanish Colonial Art Period
  • American Colonial Art Period
  • Emergence of Philippine Pre-Modern Art
  • Post-War Art Period
  • Contemporary Art Period
• Pre-Colonial Art Period


  6185 BC - 1520 AD
• Spanish Colonial Art Period

  1521 - 1898 AD
• Artwork from different Philippine Art historical periods

  • #1 - Pre-Colonial Art Period
  • #2 - Spanish Colonial Art Period
  • #3 - American Colonial Art Period
  • #4 - Post War Colonial Art Period
  • #5 - Contemporary Art Period
• The Golden Tara is a 1.79 kilogram, 21-carat Majapahit period gold image discovered in Esperanza, Agusan in 1918
• Tampuhan is an 1895 classic oil on canvas painting by Filipino painter and revolutionary activist Juan Luna. It depicts a Filipino man and a Filipino woman having a lovers' quarrel
• Liwayway is a leading Tagalog weekly magazine published in the Philippines since 1922
• Alfonso A. Ossorio, The Last Judgment (Angry Christ), 1950, St. Joseph the Worker Chapel, Victorias, Negros Occidental
• "Krista", 1984 by Pablo Baen Santos depicts inang bayan (Philippine motherland) with a crown of barbed wire around her mouth like a gag
• TRADITIONAL ARTS


  • ETHNOMEDICINE – including albularyo, babaylans, and hilot
  • FOLK ARCHITECTURE – including stilt, land, and aerial houses
  • MARITIME TRANSPORT – boat houses, boat-making, and maritime traditions
  • WEAVING – including back-strap loom weaving and other, related forms of weaving
  • CARVING – including woodcarving and folk non-clay sculpture
  • FOLK PERFORMING ARTS – including dances, plays, and dramas
  • FOLK (ORAL) LITERATURE – including epics, songs, and myths
  • FOLK GRAPHIC AND PLASTIC ARTS – including calligraphy, tattooing, writing, drawing, and painting
  • ORNAMENTS – including mask-making, accessory-making, ornamental metal crafts
  • TEXTILE (FIBER) ART – including headgear weaving, basketry, and fishing gear
  • POTTERY – including ceramics, clay pots, and sculpture
  • Other artistic expressions of traditional culture – including non-ornamental METAL CRAFTS, MARTIAL ARTS, SUPERNATURAL HEALING ARTS, MEDICINAL ARTS, AND CONSTELLATION TRADITIONS
• NON-TRADITIONAL ARTS


  • DANCE – including choreography, direction, and performance
  • MUSIC – including composition, direction, and performance
  • THEATER – including direction, performance, production design, lighting and sound design, and playwriting
  • VISUAL ARTS – including painting, non-folk sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed-media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art, and imaging
  • LITERATURE – including poetry, fiction, essays, and literary or art criticism
  • FILM AND BROADCAST ARTS – including direction, writing, production design, cinematography, editing, animation, performance, and new media
  • ARCHITECTURE AND ALLIED ARTS – including non-folk architecture, interior design, landscape architecture, and urban design
  • DESIGN – including industrial and fashion design
• Pre-Colonial Art Period (6185 BC – 1520 AD): Local communities are being established and art starts to go beyond mere craft, i.e., stone weapons or jewelry but starts to have decorative elements, meaning, and context
• Flake tools and cobble tools were the earliest implements they made during the Paleolithic (or Old Stone Age) Period. They used these tools as knives and scrapers
• The polished stone adzes that are oval in cross-section were made and used by the people during the Early Neolithic period
• The upper portion of the Manunggul Jar, as well as the cover, is incised with curvilinear scroll designs and painted with natural iron or hematite. On top of the jar cover or lid is a boat with two human figures representing two souls on a voyage to the afterlife. The boatman is seated behind a figure whose hands are crossed on the chest. The position of the hands is a traditional Filipino practice observed when arranging the corpse
• Lingling-o, a kind of ear pendant. Its basic form is a ring with a slit on one side to fit the pierced earlobe
• Anthropomorphic Pots (MAITUM JARS): Earthenware pots resembling human figures. The jars used for secondary burial were dated to the Metal Age about 5 BC - 225 A.D. Each of the twenty-nine jars recovered from the site is unique. The head-shaped covers portray different kinds of facial expressions: sadness, joy, and contentment. Some have earrings, others are tattooed
• The Baybayin alphabet, probably developed from the Kawi script of Java, Bali, and Sumatra, which in turn descended from the Pallava script, one of the southern Indian scripts derived from Brahmi. The earliest known book in Tagalog is the Doctrina Cristiana which was published in 1593. It was written in Spanish and Tagalog, with the Tagalog text in both Baybayin and the Latin alphabet
• The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (LCI) was translated in 1990 by Antoon Postma, a Dutch expert in ancient Philippine scripts and Mangyan writing
• OTHER PRE-COLONIAL ART FORMS

  • Pottery
  • Weaving
  • Tattoo
  • Jewelry
  • Carving
  • Metal Crafts
• The Okir (motif) is an artistic design of the Maranao before the Islamization of the area. Okir is a design or pattern often rendered or curved in hardwood, brass, silver, and wall painting in curvilinear lines and Arabic geometric figures
• The Sarimanok is the legendary bird that has become a ubiquitous symbol of Maranao art. It is depicted as a fowl with colorful wings and a feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune
• Spanish Colonial Art (1521 – 1898 AD): Introduced formal Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture which was inspired by the Byzantine, Gothic, Baroque, and Rococo art styles. Most artworks are Religious (Catholic) based
• Spanish Art as adopted by Filipino Artists

  • Byzantine Painting Style
  • Filipino Interpretation
  • Byzantine Frescoes
  • Filipino Interpretation
  • Baroque Aesthetics
  • Filipino interpretation
  • Rococo Aesthetics
  • Gothic Art
• Colonialism in Filipino antiques and carving designs: Baroque-inspired wood carvings of table and relief statues made by Juan Flores, Father of Pampanga Sculpture and Woodcarving
• Uprising in the Philippine Arts: In the formation of the elite Filipino class, the Ilustrado, paved the way for the rich locals to study abroad and a more "academic" and "western" approach has been learned
• Damian Domingo: First Filipino to paint his face, the first Self-Portrait in the Philippines. Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in the Philippines (1821). One of the known artists of decorative art illustrations Tipos del Pais watercolor paintings that depict local costumes
• Juan Luna: Filipino painter, sculptor, and political activist during the Philippine Revolution in the late 19th century. His painting Spoliarium won the first gold medal at the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884 in Madrid
• Félix Resurrección Hidalgo: One of the greatest Filipino painters along with Juan Luna
• Juan Luna


  Filipino painter, sculptor, and political activist during the Philippine Revolution in the late 19th century
• Spoliarium


  Painting submitted by Luna to the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884 in Madrid, where it garnered the first gold medal
• Luna's Spoliarium with its bloody carcasses of slave gladiators being dragged away from the arena where they had entertained their Roman oppressors with their lives... stripped to satisfy the lewd contempt of their Roman persecutors with their honor....: 'Unattributed'
• La Muerte de Cleopatra


  Painting that was a silver medalist during the 1881 National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid
• The Parisian Life


  • Painting featuring Juan Luna, José Rizal, and Ariston Bautista Lin
• Félix Resurrección Hidalgo


  One of the greatest Filipino painters along with fellow painter Juan Luna in the 19th century
• La barca de Aqueronte


  Painting that was a gold medalist during the Exposicion General de las Filipinas in Madrid
• Two Filipino art styles developed during the Spanish period

  • Miniaturismo
  • Letras y Figuras
• Miniaturismo


  Art style that pays attention to the embroidery and texture of the costume
• Letras y Figuras


  Art style that fuses letters with figures in every day activity amidst a common background, usually used in painting a patron's full name
• The Americans brought in Education and Value Formation, with both following the "American way of life"