PPt 2

• Deoxyribose is a carbohydrate
• DNA is in the nucleus
• Acid: Phosphates tend to lose H+
• DNA and RNA are the polymers of nucleotides
• The fifth carbon is not in the cyclic part
• DNA/RNA = Phosphate + Sugar + Nitrogenous base
• Dna is a polymer of a nucleotide held together by 3-5 phosphodiester bond
• Phosphates link the sugars together through phosphodiester bonds.
• Dna which is a polymer of nucleotides has a nitrogenous base
• The variables/nucleobases are Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine
• Uracil


  Variable only found in RNA
• Thymine


  Variable only found in DNA
• The 3 Pyrimidines

  Cytosine Thymine Uracil
• The 2 Purines

  Adenine Guanine
• Sense strands are right side up
• Antisense strands are upside down
• The nucleobases are connected by H-bonds
• C=G have 3 H bonds
• A=T have 2 H bonds
• high Cg = more stable, higher melting point
• high at = easier to seperate
• Rna is a single strand
• In RNA the bases are unpaired
• In RNA, A=U and C=G fold in on themselves
• RNA can behave like a protein
• Messenger RNA


  What ribosomes use to produce proteins
• Ribosomal RNA


  Some acts as a catalyst (ribozyme)
• Transfer RNA


  Carries amino acids to ribosomes
• 3 types of RNA that behave like proteins

  Messenger, Ribosomal, Transfer
• Mendel: Heredity is a thing

  1850s
• Miescher: DNA exists

  1868
• Levene: Nucleotides composition

  1920
• Griffith: Transformation (bacteria sharing traits)

  1928
•  Avery, MacLeod & McCarty: DNA is the transformation factor

  1944
• Chargaff:  A-T and C-G

  1940's
• Hershey & Chas: DNA is the hereditary molecule!

  1952
• Franklin, Watson, Crick & Wilkins: DNA double helix structure

  1953
• Meselson & Stahl: DNA replication is semi conservative

  1958
• Mendel


  Heredity is a thing
• Miescher


  DNA exists