Science

• What is the first principle of Cell Theory?

  All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
• What is the basic unit of life according to Cell Theory?

  The cell is the basic unit of life.
• From where do all cells arise?

  All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
• What do cells carry that is essential for inheritance?

  Cells carry genetic information.
• What occurs within cells that is vital for life?

  Energy flow (metabolism) occurs within cells.
• What is a similarity between plant and animal cells?

  Both have a nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
• What is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

  Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles; animal cells do not.
• What organelle contains genetic material and controls cell activities?

  The nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell activities.
• What surrounds and protects the nucleus?

  The nuclear membrane surrounds and protects the nucleus.
• What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

  The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and lipids.
• What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

  The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages chemicals.
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  Mitochondria convert nutrients to energy.
• What role do centrioles play in the cell?

  Centriole plays a role in cell division.
• What regulates what enters and exits the cell?

  The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell.
• What provides structural support in plant cells?

  The cell wall provides structural support in plant cells.
• What is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells?

  The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
• What is the function of a vacuole in plant cells?

  A vacuole stores nutrients, waste products, and helps maintain turgor pressure.
• What is a vesicle?

  A vesicle is a package created by the Golgi apparatus.
• What is the function of lysosomes?

  Lysosomes are sacs filled with digestive chemicals.
• What do ribosomes do?

  Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
• What is the cytoskeleton's role in the cell?

  The cytoskeleton gives the cell its shape.
• How do molecules move across the cell membrane?

  Molecules move from high to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
• What is diffusion?

  Diffusion is the movement of particles like oxygen into cells.
• What does it mean for a cell membrane to be semipermeable?

  A semipermeable membrane allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others.
• What is osmosis?

  Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
• How does water move in relation to concentration?

  Water moves from low concentration to high concentration.
• What happens to cells in a hypertonic solution?

  In a hypertonic solution, the cell loses water and shrivels up.
• What occurs in a hypotonic solution?

  In a hypotonic solution, the cell gains water and becomes turgid.
• What is the structure of cell membranes?

  Cell membranes are made of a phospholipid layer with protein channels embedded.
• What is endocytosis?

  Endocytosis is the process of taking in large particles into the cell.
• What is the difference between active and passive transport?

  Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not.
• What are the three main reasons for cell division?

  Growth and development, tissue repair, and reproduction.
• What occurs during interphase of the cell cycle?

  Interphase involves cell growth and DNA replication.
• What happens during mitosis?

  Mitosis is the division of the nucleus.
• What is cytokinesis?

  Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
• What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

  During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes and spindle fibers start to form.
• What happens during metaphase of mitosis?

  During metaphase, chromosomes align at the equatorial plane.
• What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

  During anaphase, spindle fibers shorten and sister chromatids separate to opposite poles.
• What happens during telophase of mitosis?

  During telophase, nuclear membranes reform and chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin.
• How do animal and plant cells differ during mitosis?

  Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.