Physics: 1

• A physical quantity is a quantity that can be measured
• A base quantity is a physical quantity that cannot be defined in terms of other physical quantities
• A derived quantity is a quantity calculated from two or more measurements
• Giga- 10^9
• Mega- 10^6
• Kilo- 10^3
• Deci- 10^-1
• Centi- 10^-2
• Milli- 10^-3
• Micro- 10^-6
• Nano- 10^-9
• Scalar quantities have only magnitude
• Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction
• Speed, distance, time, mass & volume are scalar quantities
• Velocity, displacement, force, acceleration & momentum are vector quantities
• Ammeters measure current
• Measuring cylinders measure volume
• Rulers measure length
• Vernier callipers measure external diameters
• Micrometre screw gauges measure small item's thickness
• Accuracy is how close the value that you measure from the exact value
• Consistency is how close the reading is to each other
• Sensitivity is the ability of a measuring tool to detect small changes
• Parallax error is an error caused by the viewing of a measurement from an awkward angle, causing it to be viewed wrongly
• Zero error is an error caused when an instrument's zero is worn out or it simply doesn't reset
• There are 11 steps to scientific investigations
• Inference is the conclusion without data
• A hypothesis is an educated guess
• Aim is the purpose
• Variables consist of: constant, manipulated, and responding
• Manipulated variable changes during the experiment
• Constant variables stay the same throughout the experiment
• Responding variables change because of the manipulated variable
• List of apparatus and materials is the 5th step
• The arrangement is the 6th step
• The procedures are the 7th step
• A table is formed to store data in the 8th step
• Data is analysed in the 9th step
• Discussion takes place in the 10th step
• Conclusions are drawn in the 11th step