Cog. Psy (memory)

• Functions of Memory


  • Explicit use of memory
  • Implicit uses of memory
• Explicit use of memory


  Conscious effort to encode or recover information through memory processes
• Types of Memory

  • Declarative memory
  • Procedural memory

  
• Procedural memory


  Memory for how things get done; the way perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills are acquired, retained, and used

  
• Rehearsal


  Conscious repetition of information to maintain it in consciousness and to encode it for storage
• Spacing Effect


  Distributed practice yields better long term retention than massed practice
• Serial Position Effect


  Tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
• Imagery


  Mental pictures, a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding
• Short-term memory (STM)


  Memory processes associated with preservation of recent experiences and with retrieval of information from long-term memory; short-term memory is of limited capacity and stores information for only a short length of time without rehearsal
• The results suggested that information is lost from short-term memory in less than 20 seconds
• Eyewitnesses' memories for what they had seen were quite vulnerable to distortion from post event information.
• Five major brain structures involved in memory

  • The cerebellum
  • The striatum
  • The cerebral cortex
  • The hippocampus
  • The amygdala