Understanding the Self Midterms

• Physical Self


  Refers to the body which we interface with our environment and fellow beings. It is a tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined.
• People nowadays are too conscious of how they look. How they see themselves in the mirror, how people will look at them, and what people will say about them. The concept of our self and the perception of people around us will always have a big effect on how we deal with a situation, cultural or not.
• William James


  • Considered the body as the initial source of sensation and necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality. It is an element of spiritual hygiene of supreme significance.
• Sigmund Freud


  • In Psychoanalytical school, the construction of self and personality makes the physical body the core of human experience.
• Wilhelm Reich


  • Argued that mind and body are one; all psychological processes are a part of physical processes, and vice versa.
• Erik Erikson


  • The role of bodily organs is especially important in the early developmental stages of a person's life. Later in life, the development of physical as well as intellectual skills helps determine whether the individual will achieve a sense of competence and ability to choose demanding roles in a complex society.
• Carl Jung


  • The physical body and the external world can be known only as psychological experiences.
• B.F. Skinner


  • The role of the body is of primary importance. Which from this different orientation clearly shows us and explains how people deal with their physical selves. Regardless of what culture or traditions he or she may be, his or her interpretation of himself will be how people act in the community.
• Gloria Gaynor: '"We all know that self-esteem comes from what you think of you, not what other people think of you"'
• People from different cultures have opted to change their features in an attempt to meet the cultural standards of beauty, as well as their religious and/or social obligations. They modify and adorn their bodies as part of the part of the complex process of creating and re-creating their personal and social identity to be accepted by society and to be able to accept themselves.
• Youth in the present time are too conscious of their physical attributes that they are not confident to face the day without make-up.
• Inflated Self-Esteem


  These people hold high regard for themselves. Better than the other to the point of underestimating them
• High Self-Esteem


  This is a positive self-esteem, which makes the person be satisfied with themselves
• Low Self-Esteem


  This person do not value themselves and do not trust their possibilities
• Most of the time, this self-esteem is defined by what physical attributes they have. Beauty as defined by society, culture, or traditions, is what matters to the person.
• Sexual Self


  As psychoanalytical theory states the physical body is the core of human experience as a form of construction of self and personality.
• Freud


  • Maintained that the nature of the conflicts among id, ego, and superego changes over time as a person grows from child to adult. There are psychosexual stages that focus: oral, anal, phallic and genital.
• Human Sexual behavior is complex and complicated, thus, it is not at all different from other species.
• Male sexual behavior


  Can occur at any time, by being aroused by certain stimuli. At puberty, the testes begin to secrete androgens (male sex hormones) which produce secondary sex characteristics like growth of bodily hair and change in tone of voice.
• Female sexual behavior


  Starts at puberty when the two ovaries begin to produce estrogens and progesterone (female sex hormones). This stage of puberty for females occurs in a cyclical manner which also brought changes.
• Human reproductive system


  An organ system that reproduces and bears live offspring. It requires the union between the male and female reproductive system to which carries out to produce another life form.
• Male Reproductive System


  • Testis
  • Scrotum
  • Prostate glands
  • Penis
  • Sperm
• Female Reproductive System


  • Ovary
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
• Sexual Intercourse


  1. Semen from male is discharged into the vagina

  2. Sperm will begin moving up to the uterus reaching the fallopian tube

  3. During the travel most of the sperm will die while climbing up the fallopian tube, only one sperm will enter the ovum and can remain alive for only 12 hours

  4. If it meets ovum it will lead to fertilization

  5. Zygote (fertilized egg) will form an embryo which will enter the gestation period
• Erogenous Zone


  Parts of the body that are particularly sensitive to touch, pressure, and vibration which contribute to sexual arousal.
• Phases of Sexual Response

  1. Arousal

  2. Plateau

  3. Orgasm

  4. Resolution
• Heterosexuality


  Sexual attraction and behavior directed to other sex. More than male-female intercourse, it involves kissing, petting, caressing, massaging, and other form of sexual activities.
• Homosexuality


  Romantic and/or sexual attraction between members of the same sex.
• Bisexuality


  People who can be romantically or sexually attracted to same-sex and the other sex.
• Transsexuality


  People who believed they were born with the body of the other gender. Men transsexuals believe that they are men in a woman's body and women transsexuals believe that they are women in a man's body.
• Transgenderism


  People who view themselves as a third gender, they are transvestites (who wear clothes of the other gender) or those who believed that traditional male-female classifications inadequately characterized them.
• Natural Contraception


  • Abstinence
  • Calendar Method
  • Basal Body Temperature
  • Cervical Mucus Method
• Artificial Contraception


  • Oral contraception
  • Transdermal patch
  • Vaginal ring
  • Subdermal implants
  • Hormonal injections
  • Intrauterine devices (IUD)
  • Chemical barriers
  • Diaphragm
  • Cervical caps
  • Male-female condoms
  • Surgical methods (vasectomy and tubal ligation)
• Contraceptive methods


  • Oral contraception
  • Transdermal patch
  • Vaginal ring
  • Subdermal implants
  • Hormonal injections
  • Intrauterine devices (IUD)
  • Chemical barriers
  • Diaphragm
  • Condoms
  • Surgical methods (vasectomy and tubal ligation)
• Natural methods of contraception

  • Abstinence
  • Calendar method
  • Basal body temperature
  • Cervical mucus method
  • Symptothermal method
  • Ovulation detection
  • Lactation amenorrhea method
  • Coitus interruptus
• Abstinence


  Most effective way of birth control, done through abstaining from sexual intercourse, also the most effective way to avoid STIs
• Calendar method


  Also called the Rhythm Method, involves avoiding coitus during the days that the woman is fertile
• Basal body temperature


  BBT is the woman's body temperature at rest, done by monitoring changes to detect ovulation
• Cervical mucus method


  Based on changes in cervical mucus during ovulation, woman is fertile when mucus is profuse and watery
• Symptothermal method


  Combination of basal body temperature and cervical mucus method