Mapeh [alcohol and smoking]

• A cigarette is a cylindrical rolled paper containing dried and shredded tobacco leaves
• Mainstream smoker - smoke inhaled directly by the person using the tobacco product
• Secondhand smoke - includes sidestream smoke which refers to the smoke coming from a nearby lit tobacoo and exhaled smoke which refers to the air that a smoker exhales after using a tobacco product
• Short terms effect of smoking

  • bad breath
  • Coughing
  • Shortness of breathing
• long term effects of smoking

  • In women: menstrual problems
  • In men: erectile problems
  • problems affecting the heart and blood vessels
• Alcohol is an intoxicating substance produced by the fermentation of grains and fruits.
• The four types of alcohol are ethyl, denatured, isopropyl, and rubbing.
• ethyl alcohol or ethanol is an intoxicating ingredient found in beer, wine, and liquor. Alcohol is produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugars and starches
• Short term of alcohol

  • Vomitting
  • Diarhea
  • Headaches
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Blackout (memory loss)
• Loss term of alcohol

  • Alcohol poisoning
  • Nerve damage
  • Unintentional injuries such as car crashes, falls, burns, drowning
  • Cancer of the mouth and throat
  • Sexual problems
• Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) - refers to the percent of alcohol on person's bloodstream. It can be measured by breath, blood or urine test.
• Risk factors are characteristic at the biological, psychological, family, community, or cultural level that precede and are associated with a higher likelihood of negative outcomes.
• Natural Method

  • Abstinence - not having sexual intercourse
  • Withdrawal - pulling a penis from the vagina before releasing semen
  • Calendar Method - monitoring the menstrual cycle of the women
  • Pregnancy Spacing - couples may choose to space pregnancy after 3 years
• Artificial Method

  • Condom and Birth control pills - use to prevent the sperm from reaching the ovum.
  • Tubal Ligation - to block the fallopian tube of the female
  • Vasectomy - to cut off and tie the vas deferens of male