Terrorism

• Responses to terrorism

  • Military
  • Non-military
• Describing what has been introduced

  Military and non-military efforts
• Evaluating how successful efforts have been

  Military and non-military efforts
• Non-military efforts

  • Increased airport security
  • Easy targets removed
  • Bomb proof buildings
  • Implementing measures to restrict the liberties of suspected terror suspects to keep the public safe
• Increased airport security

  Changes to British airport security have seen increased pat-down searches, more sniffer dogs in terminals and a step-up in hand luggage inspections. Now there are restrictions on hand luggage to avoid the threat of a terrorist boarding a plane with explosives.
• Leeds Bradford Airport

  • About to install brand new scanners which can scan luggage much more thoroughly without the need to take out electronics.
• Increased airport security


  Could be regarded as successful because there has not been an attempted terror attack in the UK using an airport since the Glasgow Airport attack in 2007.
• Increased airport security

  Security is still minimal in many airports at check-in desks. It leads large parts of airports vulnerable to attack. Also increased security can invade people's privacy due to the intense nature of security checks in some airports.
• Easy targets removed

  Many train, tube stations and busy city centres have now removed litter bins completely in a bid to prevent easy terror targets.
• Glasgow Central station


  • Train station with no bins in its public areas.
• Causes of terrorism


  • Political causes
  • Social causes
  • Economic causes
• Religious extremists


  People who commit terrorist attacks in the name of their religion
• Religious extremist group


  • ISIS
• ISIS is an Islamist group who believe in setting up a world caliphate - a world government under Islamic/Sharia law</b>
• ISISpromote their message by carrying out attacks such as those in Paris in 2015 and Brussels in 2016
• In February 2020 the man (Sudesh Amman) who carried out a terror attack in Streatham in London also pledged allegiance to 1515
• Nationalism


  A belief that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation
• Nationalist terror groups


  • ETA
  • New IRA
• ETA want the Basque region to separate from the rest of Spain and become an Independent country
• The New IRA are a group that believe that Northern Ireland and the Republic should be united
• In 2019 journalist Lyra McKee was shot dead by the New IRA, a nationalist/republican terrorist group
• Extremism


  Individuals can hold extreme religious or political viewpoints that can lead to acts of terror being carried out in support of their beliefs
• Extremist attacks


  • In February 2020 an individual who killed at least nine people in attacks on two shisha bars in Hanau in western Germany was motivated out of Xenophobic racism
• Lack of education


  Can explain why people get involved in terrorism
• Terrorist groups often target the weak and vulnerable in society, trying to recruit them to carry out evil acts of violence
• Those with a low IQ are taken advantage of and their low levels of intelligence make them an easy target for radicalisation
• Radicalised individual


  • Lewis Ludlow planned to carry out an attack in Oxford Street in London after being radicalised by the Islamic State
• Radicalisation through the internet


  The internet plays a role in radicalising people by using propaganda and by enabling individuals to find and communicate with like-minded individuals and groups
• Radicalised individual


  • Shamima Begum was groomed online for exploitation and trafficking by the Islamic State
• Discrimination


  People feel that they are treated unfairly in terms of human rights, employment, political positions, race or social standing
• Many terror groups have attacked Israel as a result of the perceived actions of the Israeli Government in parts of the Middle East
• Poverty


  Seeing the economic and social differences between themselves and the Western world can infuriate people living in less developed countries, increasing tension and hostility
• Terrorist attacks by Al Shabaab

  • At the start of 2020 the group launched an assault on a US military base in Kenya, killing 3 Americans
  • At the end of December 2019 at least 79 people were killed in a car bomb in the Somali capital, Mogadishu
• State-sponsored terrorism


  Terrorist violence carried out with the active support of national governments, including monetary funding
• State sponsors of terrorism

  • Iran has been accused of funding terror groups such as Hamas and the Huthi in Yemen
• In 2023, Iran was accused by the west of supplying missiles that the Huthi fired into Israel
• Consequences of terrorism for individuals

  • Many innocent people lose their lives
  • Victims often left with permanent disabilities
  • Fuels racist attitudes like Islamophobia
  • Increased security measures like restrictions on hand luggage
• 204 people were killed in a terror attack in Europe in 2017
• 23,802 people around the world were killed in a terror-related incident in 2021
• Victim with disability


  • Martine Wright had both of her legs blown off at the knee in the London 7/7 attacks in 2005 and then went on to represent Britain in the 2012 Olympic Games