CSMP

• What factors form place identity?

  Physical geography

  Demography

  Socio-economic e.g. employment

  Cultural

  Political

  Built environment
• Lympstone, East Devon Intro


  Small settlement

  East bank of river exe estuary

  15km south of exeter
• Toxteth, Liverpool Intro


  1.5km south of city centre
• Arrival of railway at lympstone


  1861
• Demographic of lympstone

  Top-heavy age structure (24.6% over 65)

  Ethnically homogenous (98.9% white)
• Population density lympstone


  16.6
• Population density toxteth

  87.8
• Toxteth ethnicity


  78.6% white

  6.9% black African/Caribbean
• Limitations of census


  Snapshot at one particular time - places always changing/dynamic

  Boundary units change over time so past and present cannot be directly compared
• Cultural face of toxteth

  Major Muslim festivals e.g. eid and Ramadan are celebrated widely
• Cultural face of lymptone

  Based of Christian calendar
• Political face of lympstone

  Electorate 72,000

  1 M.p.
• Socio economic contrasts (l and t)

  66.1% owner occupiers (l)

  24% (t)
• Shifting flows affecting toxteth

  Economic restructuring - mass loss of jobs in docks and manufacturing

  Poverty triggered toxteth riots in 1981

  1988 Tate Liverpool opened

  Regeneration of dock areas in 1980s

  2008 Liverpool European capital of culture

  2003 Liverpool science park - development of knowledge economy
• Shifting flows affecting lympstone

  1/3 residents hold senior positions

  Knowledge based economy benefits l more than t

  Reap rewards of economic restructuring whereas toxteth experiences other side
• 5 factors influencing place perception

  Age gender sexuality religion role
• Age and place perception

  - change as you get older

  - life cycle changing residence, jobs and thus shapes lived experiences of place

  - young , low disposable income, live in a different place compared to an older retired couple
• Gender and place perception

  Divide between places seen as male vs female

  More present historically hence temporal variations

  Sports grounds vs shopping centres

  Excluded or included in certain places influences place perception

  Fear related to gender discrimination affects which places you go to
• Sexuality and place perception

  LGBT groups cluster in certain urban areas that are accommodating e.g. Gay Village Manchester

  Pink pound shaped place profiles and place regeneration
• Religion and place perception

  Certain locations have great spiritual meanings e.g. Jerusalem

  Different religions give local places spiritual significance through erection of places of worship e.g. mosques
• Roles and place perception


  Roles we have change as we age

  Strongly influence place perception and the meanings we attach to places
• Kurds


  Ethnic group spread out in a diaspora over several Middle Eastern countries

  Kurdistan covers Iraq, Syria and Turkey and Iran

  Up to 30 million

  Kurdish Workers Party uses conflict to try and create their own nation

  Long suffered persecution
• Globalisation definition


  Increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world, economically, socially, politically and culturally

  Set of forces that change the ways in which people experience and understand places
• Winners and losers


  Some people benefit from globalisation

  - ease of living

  - lower cost of travel

  - connections for business etc

  
  

  Others find changes disturbing and may lose attachment to a place affected by globalisation

  - controlled
• Ways of representing place

  Formal

  - census

  - geographical dimension

  
  

  Informal

  - media e.g. tv, literature, art
• Social inequality


  the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society
• quality of life


  The degree to which a persons needs and desires are met
• Standard of living

  The ability to access services and goods
• Health care and social inequality

  Poverty and I'll health

  Number of doctors per 1000 is the measure

  Postcode lottery - access to adequate services
• Employment and social inequality

  Regular income - profound impact on standard of living and qol

  Difficulty of using unemployment as a measure

  - informal work

  - undeclared/illegal labour

  - employed but low wages
• Human Development Index (HDI)

  Income (adjusted to purchasing power)

  Life expectancy

  Education (adult literacy rate and average number of years at school
• Wealth and patterns of social inequality

  Ability to purchase goods and services fundamental to wellbeing especially in a western materialistic culture (temporal and spatial variations)

  Low income linked to poor health etc

  Measured through disposable income
• Housing and social inequality

  Quality of accommodation significant

  Linked to I'll health
• Health and social inequality

  Clear link between I'll health and deprivation
• Education and social inequality


  Most important element in creating and maintaining inequality
• Access to services and social inequality

  Varies at national and intraregional scales

  Influenced by

  - number of services

  - access

  - socio-economic

  Clear rural urban divide
• Digital divide and social inequality

  Temporal variation

  To become increasingly significant

  Technologically illiterate affects jobs and wages you can attain
• Key players in global economy

  TNCs and nation states
• Global shift


  Relocation of manufacturing
• Deindustrialisation


  Follows global shift

  Closures and job losses

  Skills not easily transferred between sectors of economy