Monomers and carbohydrates

Created by

Cards (36)

what is a monomer and examples
small units which are components of larger molecules examples monosaccharides(glucose, amino acids nucleotides)
How are monomers joined
By chemical bond produced by condensation reaction where water molecule eliminated
How are monomers separated
By Hydrolysis reaction when water is added
what is a polymer
A molecule made from a large number of monomers joined together
Three types of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides , Disaccharides , Polysaccharides
what do carbohydrate molecules consist off
consist of carbon hydrogen and oxygen called saccharides (long sugar chains)
how are saccharides joined together
by glyosidic bonds formed in condensation reactions
what is glucose
glucose a monosaccharide containing 6 carbon atoms
what are the two types of glucose
Alpha and beta
structure of alpha glucose
Alpha
structure of beta glucose
Beta
what is a monosaccharide  
single sugar monomer (all reducing sugars)
Examples of monosaccharides
glucose .ribose,
function of monosaccharides
source of energy in respiration , build disaccharides
what is a disaccharide  
a sugar formed from two monosaccharides joined by glyosidic bond
examples of disaccharides
maltose (alpha glucose +alpha glucose) sucrose (alpha glucose + fructose ) lactose (alpha glucose +beta galactose )
what is a polysaccharide  
polymer formed by many monosaccharides joined by condensation reaction producing glyosidic bond
examples of polymers  
cellulose (beta glucose ) ; starch (alpha glucose ,amylose and amylopectin);Glycogen(alpha glucose)
structure of glucose  
C6H12O6
what groups interact to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
two hydroxyl groups on different saccharides interact in condensation reaction and water removed
what are starch and glycogen
polysaccharides
features of starch and glycogen as storage polysaccharides
compact so large amounts can be stored insoluble so do not affect water potential of cell
Which bonds do starch have
Have 1,4 and 1,6 alpha glycosidic bonds
benefits of starch being Branched
more access points to be hydrolysed for energy
which glycosidic bonds does glycogen form
1,4 and 1,6 alpha glycosidic bonds
benefits of glycogen being branched  
Benefits as more points to be hydrolysed into glucose for energy
why glycogen is important for animals  
storage molecule of energy and can be hydrolysed for energy s turned into glucose ,stored next to muscles
what is the monomer of cellulose polysaccharide  
Beta glucose
Structure of Beta glucose  
has 1,4 beta glycosydic bonds , every other monomer inverted to form straight chains
Benefits of cellulose long chains  
Hydrogen bonding can form between chains providing strength
Functions of cellulose  
Main structural component in cell walls of plants due to strengths of hydrogen bonds as it can stretch without breaking and resist osmotic pressure . Freely permeable which allows water and solutes to leave or reach cell surface membrane
Test for reducing sugars  
Benedict’s reagent
Method of Benedict’s reagent
Add Benedict’s which is blue to sample solution
place texture in water bath and heat to above 80 degrees
if reducing sugar present coloured precipitate for brick red. Test is semi quantitive as degree of colour change can give indication of concentration of sugar
Method of testing non reducing sugar
Add hydrochloric acid to sample and heat in water bath above 80 degrees
Neutralise with sodium hydrogen carbonate using indicator to test and repeat normal test for reducing sugars
Test for starch
add few drops of iodine in potassium iodine solution to sample is starch present turns from brown to blue/black
how can colorimeter be used To find concentration of glucose  
Quantitive test and can be used to compare concentrations