elizabeth

• the escalation of tension between Spain and England centred around Spain's rule of the Netherlands.
• spain broke the pacification of Ghent, so an opportunity arose for Elizabeth to send an army to the Netherlands.
• pacification of Ghent led the Netherlands to oppose Spanish rule and to call for the removal of imperial troops.
• The Spanish Fury arose as a result of the Spanish occupation of the Netherlands. Keeping soldiers in the Netherlands was an expensive business.

  As a result of this paying soldiers became difficult and after months without being paid, Spanish forces finally rebelled. During this rebellion, the Spanish forces raided the Dutch city of Antwerp.
• The collective demands were known as the Pacification of Ghent 1576:

  • All Spanish armed forces were to withdraw from the Netherlands
  • End of the religious persecution of Catholics and Protestants.
  • The political independence of the Netherlands was to be restored
• The Treaty of Nonsuch ended the conflict with Spain. It was signed on August 25th 1585. Under its terms, Spain agreed to withdraw all troops from the Netherlands and pay compensation to those affected by the Spanish Fury. In return, Elizabeth promised to stop supporting the Dutch rebels.
• englands intervention in the Netherlands failed as she refused to give Dudley more money and troops, this also angered dutch rebels.
• In 1585, Elizabeth changed her tactics and sent an armed force under the Command of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. 
• • In June 1585, Dutch rebels communicated with Elizabeth
  • They offered Elizabeth the opportunity to become Queen of the Netherlands if the rebels successfully overthrew Spanish rule
  • Elizabeth rejected the offer. She did not want to depose Philip II, who she believed was the rightful King of the Netherlands.
• • Alongside the Treaty of Nonsuch, Elizabeth used Sir Francis Drake
  • She ordered Drake to raid the Spanish settlements in the Americas
  • Drake’s actions in the Americas angered Philip
  • Philip was in communication with the Pope about a possible invasion of England by the end of 1585
• Elizabeth promised that an army of 7,400 English troops would support the Dutch rebels.
• why did Dudley's campaign in the Netherlands fail?

  • lack of support from Elizabeth
  • Dudley's mistakes
• lack of support in the Netherlands from Eliz:

  • Elizabeth did not provide enough men and supplies to ensure the campaign's success.
  • Elizabeth forced Dudley to return to England in Nov 1586 and the end of 1587. she did not give him enough time to succeed.
• Dudley's mistakes:

  • the defection of Stanley and York. ruined his campaign and people's perception of his decision-making skills.
  • The Dutch lost trust In the English and Dudley's command.
  • the title "governor-general of the Netherlands" made it sound like Elizabeth wanted to depose Phillip II as king of the Netherlands.
  • Dudley's extreme aims angered Elizabeth.