Ma'am Jea 2?

• Moral principles that govern person’s behavior/conducting of an activity.

  Ethics
• Importance of Ethics in Research

  • Promotes pursuit of knowledge, truth and credibility.
  • Fosters values that are essential to collaborative work.
  • Upholds value of trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness.
  • Promote variety of important moral, and social values such as social responsibility, human rights, animal welfare, and health and safety.
• Ethical Codes and Policies for Research

  • Honesty
  • Objectivity
  • Integrity
  • Care
  • Openness
  • Confidentiality
  • Respect for Intellectual Property
  • Responsible Publication
  • Responsible Mentoring
  • Respect for Colleagues
  • Social Responsbility
  • Non-Discrimination
  • Competence
  • Legality
  • Human Subject Protection
• Data should never be fabricated, falsified, or misinterpreted

  Honesty
• Biases should be avoided in the experimental design, data analysis, interpretation, expert testimony, and other aspect of research.


  Objectivity
• Consistency of thought and action is the foundation of the credibility of any research work.

  Integrity
• Records of research activities should be kept in good order and condition.


  Care
• Your work and the work of your peers should be critically examined.

  Care
• The researcher should be open to criticisms and new ideas.

  Openness
• Promises and agreements should be kept and all actions should be made with a sincere purpose.

  Integrity
• Careless errors and negligence should be avoided.

  Care
• Research data, results, ideas, and resources should also be shared with the public.

  Openness
• Confidential communications or documents ought to be protected.

  Confidentiality
• Proper acknowledgment should be given to all authors cited and sources used in your research.

  Respect for Intellectual Property
• A researcher should know and obey relevant laws, and institutional and government policies.

  Legality
• Harms and risks to human lives should be minimized.

  Human Subject Protection
• Patents and copyrights should be recognized.

  Respect for Intellectual Property
• Any unpublished data, methods, or results should not be used without permission.

  Respect for Intellectual Property
• Human dignity, privacy, and autonomy should be among the primary considerations of the research.

  Human Subject Protection
• Professional competence and expertise should be maintained and improved with the research.

  Competence
• All those eligible to participate in research should be allowed to do so.

  Non-Discrimination
• Credit should be given to where it is due.

  Respect for Intellectual Property
• The research should seek to educate, mentor, and advise students.

  Responsible Mentoring
• All peers must be treated fairly.

  Respect for Colleagues
• Social good should be promoted.

  Social Responsibility
• Harm in the society ought to be avoided.

  Social Responsibility
• Rights of Research Participants

  • Voluntary Participation
  • Informed Consent
  • Risk of Harm
  • Confidentiality
  • Anonymity
• The act of using another person’s ideas, words, processes, and results without giving due credit.

  Plagiarism
• Merely changing the words but retaining the sentence structure so that the selection or quotes still bear a resemblance to the original source.

  Plagiarism
• Using so many words and ideas from the original source that it make up a large portion of your work, even if you acknowledge the original author.


  Plagiarism
• Any person should not be forced to participate in any research undertaking.

  Voluntary Participation
• Participants should be protected from physical, financial, or psychological harm.

  Risk of Harm
• Prospective research participants must be fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in the research.

  Informed Consent
• Their consent to participate must be secured.

  Informed Consent
• The principle of non-maleficence states that it is the researcher’s duty to avoid, prevent, or minimize harm to the participants of the study.
• States that it is the researcher’s duty to avoid, prevent, or minimize harm to the participants of the study.

  Principle of non-maleficence
• Participants must be assured that their identity and other personal information will not be made available to anyone who is not directly involved in the study.

  Confidentiality
• The participants must remain anonymous throughout the study even to the researchers themselves.


  Anonymity
• Ethical Standards in Research Writing

  Findings should be reported with complete honesty.

  Intentional misinterpretation, misinformation, and misleading claims must be avoided.

  Appropriate credit should be given when using other people’s work.

  Plagiarism should be avoided by fully acknowledging all content belonging to others.
• Claiming authorship of a work or creation done by another person.

  Plagiarism