Society

• 1. Reference Groups - A group of comparison point where we measure our behaviors and attitudes, guide our behavior, and identify social norms.
• INFORMAL REFERENCE GROUPS - It is based on the groups shared interests and goals. Members react on a personal level.
• FORMAL REFERENCE GROUPS - Have a specific goal or mission.
• MEMBERSHIP REFERENCE GROUPS groups that are in agreement with in regards to attitude, norms, and behaviors
• DISCLAIMANT REFERENCE GROUPS group we do not agree with in regards to attitude, norms, and behaviors
• ASPIRATIONAL REFERENCE GROUPS a group of individuals doesn’t belong to but aspires to become a part of it in the future
• DISSOCIATIVE REFERENCE GROUPS a group an individual doesn’t belong to and disapproves of in regards to attitudes, norms, and behaviors
• Social Network - A social structure refers to an individual's complete set of relationships with others, encompassing casual acquaintances to close familial bonds.
• MICRO The micro level of social networks typically begins with an individual and is divided into four levels.
• MESO This level of analysis begins with a population size that falls between the micro and macro levels.
• MACRO Generally, traces the outcomes of interactions, such as economic or other resource transfer interactions over a large population.
• Social distance- used to measure the degree of closeness or acceptance we feel toward other group.
• DYADIC LEVEL – social relationship starts with two individuals
• TRIADIC LEVEL – social relationship starts with three individuals
• ACTOR LEVEL – the smallest unit of analysis in a social network is an individual in their social setting
• SUBSET LEVEL – may focus on distance and reachability
• ORGANIZATIONS – group of people that has distributive tasks for a collective goa
• SCALE FREE NETWORKS – a network whose degree, distribution follows a power law, at least asymptotical.
• . Patrilineal – family that traces its ancestry from the paternal or father’s side.
• . Matrilineal - family that traces its ancestry from the maternal or mother’s side.
• Bilineal –family that traces its ancestry from both paternal and maternal side.
• Kinship by Marriage - Marriage establishes relationships with the girl and her family members, binds both the person and their family members to the girl.
• Monogamy – Marriage in which there is only one wife and one husband at a time.
• Nuclear family – a family unit that consists of a single couple or monogamous family,
• . Extended family – a family unit that consists of the husband and wife with their children, and their relatives like in-law
• . Reconstituted family – a family unit that consists of one or both parents who have a child or children from a previous relationship or past marriage
• Single parent family – a family unit which is headed by one parent
• Reciprocity- When you give something away, you expect something in return.
• Transfers - When resources from an individual or organization are given to one another with no expectation of return, an economic transfer is in place.
• Redistribution - When the resources of one, several individuals, or groups are collected and distributed proportionally or equally to participating members.
• Market Transactions - Market is referred to as the exchange of goods and services that involves buying and selling processes.