science 4th mt

• Boyle's Law


  Pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature
• Pressure goes up


  Volume goes down
• Boyle's Law


  Volume of a given mass of gas held at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure
• Charles' Law


  Volume of a gas varies directly with the absolute temperature at constant pressure
• Temperature increases


  Volume increases
• Charles' Law


  Kelvin temperature and the volume of a gas are directly related when there is no change in pressure of a gas
• Gay-Lussac Law


  At constant volume, pressure and absolute temperature are directly related
• Gay-Lussac Law


  Pressure of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
• Combined Gas Law


  It considers the changes in pressure, volume, and temperature in a single relationship
• Avogadro's Law


  At constant temperature and pressure, the volume of a gas is directly related to the number of molecules
• Avogadro's Law


  Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules
• Ideal Gas Law


  PV = nRT
• Ideal Gas Law


  P = pressure, V = Volume, n = moles, R = 0.08206 L.atm/mol. K, T = temperature
• Density of gas doubles when the volume of a container doubles without a change in pressure or temperature
• Gases are lighter than air
• A gas in a closed container of constant volume is heated until its absolute temperature is doubled; the pressure of the gas is also doubled
• When a gas is sealed in a tank then heated, the temperature increases, the pressure will increase
• Pressure increases and average molecular velocity remains the same
• 4 main BIOMOLECULES


  • carbohydrate
  • protein
  • lipid
  • nucleic acid
• Lipids insoluble in water because they are hydrophobic
• Nitrogen is not present in carbohydrates
• Elements inside the living organisms act as binder of cell structure
• Lipids


  Hydrophobic; can be dissolved by solvents that are nopolar; Gycerol and fatty acids are their building blocks; large and diverse group of naturally-occuring biomolecules that can be dissolved away from biological materials by solvents that are nopolar
• Glycoprotein belongs to prosthetic group
• Proteins


  Complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked through the peptide bonds; organic molecules produced by living organisms which consists mainly of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; a biological molecule with a repeated backbone of N-C-C-N
• Amino acids are building blocks of protein
• Carbohydrates are major sources of energy for the body
• Glucose is the most important monosaccharide in nature
• Triglycerides are the most abundant lipids in our body
• Calorie is the measure of how much energy a food provides
• DNA


  Blueprint of life, nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all modern living organisms
• RNA


  Responsible for encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information
• A biological molecule with numerous oxygen and nitrogen atoms on its carbon skeleton will be a polar molecule
• Monosaccharide is a molecule that dissolves easily in water
• Water is a polar molecule because the electronegativities of oxygen and hydrogen are far enough apart to give dipole character to each atom
• Carbohydrates

  • C H O
  • Polysaccharide
  • Monosaccharide
• Protein

  • C H O N S
  • Polypeptide
  • Amino Acids
• Lipid

  • C H O
  • Triglyceride
  • Glycerol and Fatty Acids
• Nucleic Acid

  • C H O N P
  • DNA/RNA
  • Nucleotide
• Oxygen - 65%

  Carbon - 18.5%

  Hydrogen - 9.5%

  Nitrogen - 3.5%

  Other Chemical Elements - 3.5%