Science Reviewer

• Crust


  • Outermost shell of a terrestrial planet
  • Occupies less than 1% of Earth's volume
• Terrestrial planet


  A planet with a solid surface that can be stepped on
• Mantle

  • Mostly-solid bulk of Earth's interior
  • Lies between Earth's crust and outer core
  • Hot because of heat from the outer core
• Outer core

  Magma - extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's crust and mantle
• The crust, mantle, and outer core make up the layers of a terrestrial planet
• Rotation


  Rotating on its own axis
• Revolution


  When the Earth is moving around the sun
• Orbit


  The path in space that an object takes around a star, moon, or planet
• Earth's orbit is an elongated circle or an ellipse
• Earth's axis


  The imaginary line that runs through the centre of the Earth from the North pole to the South pole
• Rotation of the Earth

  Takes about 24 hours / one day
• Revolution of the Earth

  Takes a little over 365 days
• The Earth is slightly tilted on its axis by 23.5 degrees
• The amount of daylight varies throughout the year
• Only one-half of the Earth faces the sun at any given time
• Effects of rotation


  • Day and night
  • Sun rises in the east and sets in the west
• Seasons


  • Spring
  • Summer
  • Autumn/Fall
  • Winter
• Seasons are caused by the Earth's tilt
• The Earth's speed is 29.29 - 30.29 km/s
• Perihelion is the closest the Earth gets to the sun (91,400,000 miles)
• Aphelion is the farthest the Earth gets from the sun
• Summer solstice is when the day is longest (June 20-21)
• Winter solstice is when the night is longest (Dec 21-22)
• Equinoxes are when the day and night are equal length (March 21-Sept 23)
• Weather


  Depends on temperature, humidity, and location
• Climate


  Depends on weather
• The Philippines has a tropical and maritime climate
• How a storm starts

  1. Starts from the water

  2. Sucks the air to start
• Humidity


  The amount of water vapor in the air
• Humid air feels sticky because the water vapor has nowhere to go
• Types of seasons in the Philippines

  • Rainy (Dec-June)
  • Dry (June-Dec)
  • Cool dry (Dec-Feb)
  • Hot dry (March-May)
• Northeast Monsoon (Amihan)


  Cold winds from the northeast that bring rains over the eastern side of the country (Nov-Feb)
• Southwest Monsoon (Habagat)


  Warm moist wind causing rains from May to September
• The Philippines is called Maritime because it is surrounded by bodies of water where typhoons happen
• Earthquakes happen when there is trembling of the Earth's surface