Evolution

• CATASTROPHISM - Developed by Georges Cuvier and Abraham Werner
• Catastrophism - states that the Earth and Geological events had formed suddenly.
• UNIFORMATRIANISM - by Charles Lyell and James Hutton
• Unfiromitarianism - beleived earths landscape like mountains and oceans formed over long period of time through gradual process.
• Jean Baptiste Lamarck

  * A french naturalist and biologist

  * States that organism with higher complexity had evolved from pre existing less complex organism.
• Jean Baptiste Lamarck

  * A french naturalist and biologist

  * States that organism with higher complexity had evolved from pre existing less complex organism.
• LAMARCK'S THEORIES ON EVOLUTION

  * THEORY OF NEED

  * THEORY OF USE AND DISUSE
• LAMARCK'S THEORIES ON EVOLUTION

  * THEORY OF NEED

  * THEORY OF USE AND DISUSE

  * THEORY OF ACUIRED CHARACTERISTICS
• Theory of use and disuse - Organism develop specialized characteristics by the use and disuse of organs
• Theory of use and disuse - The parts of the body of an organism that is used become stronger and the unused become dissapear
• theory of acquired characteristics - If a parent aquires a body during its life time, it could pass on that characteristcs structure to its offspring
• DISPROVING LAMARCKS THEORIEs

  
  

  PETALS ON FLOWERS

  CORSETS

  FREQUENT EXERCISE

  TAILS OF MICE
• CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN - He was the father of the theory of evolution by natural selection.
• CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN - He was the father of the theory of evolution by natural selection.
• Charles Robert Darwin - An english Naturalist, geologist, and biologist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection
• Charles Darwin - proposed an entirely different mechanism to account for the evolution of the species
• Charles Darwin - His theory of evolution became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.
• He proposed that species can change overtime, that new species come from pre existing species, and that all species share a common ancestor.
• Charles Darwin - sailed around the world from 1831 - 1836 as a naturalist aboard the HMS Beagle.
• Galapagos Island - 1959 - Darwin's theory of evolution was proven
• Darwins Finches

  1. He was able to see 13 varieties of finches which varied from size and shape
  2. It took him 20 years to organize the data
• ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE - a naturalist, geographer he collaborated with darwins discussing their evidence for natural selection.
• NATURAL SELECTION

  
  

  Individual with a population with the most favorable traits survive and pass on the traits
• Species Overpopulation - Organism tend to over produce
• COMPETITION - The struggle for limited resources, such as food, water, and mates
• VARIATION - no two individual are the same ; plants and animals of the same species differ in size, strength, and adaptive structures
• ADAPTATION - the process of changing the organism to suit its environment; it improves an organisms chance of survival
• SELECTION - Environment select organisms that survived to be the parents of succeding generations.
• SPECIATION - Favorable adaption gradually accumulate in the species and unfavorable one disappear
• EVOLUTION - the change in the heritable characteristics of biological population over successive generation.
• TWO TYPES OF EVOLUTION

  • macroevolution
  • microevolution
• MACROEVOLUTION - refers to large scale changes that occur over extended time periods, such as the information of new species and groups
• MICROEVOULUTION - Encompasses the grandest trends and transformation of evolution.

  This also involves changes that occur above the individual species level
• EXAMPLE OF MACROEVOLUTION - SPECIATION
• MICROEVOLUTION - refers to small scale changes that affect just one or a few genes and happen in population over shorter timescales
• EXAMPLE OF MICROEVOLUTION - SELECTION
• EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION

  • EMBRYOLOGY
  • HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE
  • VESTIGAL STRUCTURE
  • GENETICS
  • FOSSILS
• EMBRYOLOGY - the scientfic study of embryos and their development
• An embryo is the earliest developmental of a multicellular organism that occurs after fertilization and before it becomes a fetus
• Many scientist believed and observed during the early development, the embryo of many vertebrates such as fish, birds, mammals, and reptiles are almost impossible and hard to understand