DESIGN 01

• The primary Elements of Architecture are: Point, Line, Plane, and Volume.
• Point Indicates a position in space.
• A point extended becomes a line with properties of: length, direction, and position.
• A line extended becomes a Plane with the properties of: length, shape, surface, orientation, and position.
• A plane extended becomes a volume with the properties of: length, width, form and space, surface, orientation, and position.
• Piazza Del Campidoglio, Rome, Michaelangelo: The equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius marks the center of this urban space.

  
• Mont S. Michel, France, 13th century and later: The pyramidal composition culminates in a spire that serves to establish this fortified monastery as a specific place in the landscape.

  
• Torii, Ise Shrine

  
• Vertical linear elements, such as columns, obelisk, and towers, have been used throughout history to commomerate significant events and establish particular points in space.
• Bell Tower, Church at Vuoksenniska, Finland, 1956, Alvar Aalto

  
• Menhir is a prehistoric monument consisting of an upright megalitjh, usually standing alone but sometimesaligned with others.
• Column of MArcus Aurelius, Piazza Colonna, Rome: This cylindical shaft commemorates the emperor's victpry over germanic tribes north of the danube.

  
• Obelisks are tall, four-sided monoliths carved out of stone or granite, often decorated with hieroglyphics.

  
• Hagia Sophia

  
• Caryatid Porch, Athens : The sculptured female figures stand as columnar supports for the entablature.

  
• Katsura Palace, Kyoto, Japan, 17th century

  
• Villa Aldobrandoni, Italy

  
• Seagram Building, New York City