RWS last quarter

• CRITICAL READING

  ·       involves the reader by asking questions about the text and the author’s claim

  ·       when reading critically, it is necessary to question the different arguments used by the author, as any problem can weaken the authenticity of the conclusion.
• STEPS USED IN CRITICAL READING AS REASONING

  1.       Identifying assertions

  2.       Formulating a counterclaim

  3.       Determining evidence
• WHAT ARE ASSERTIONS?

  Assertions, as defined by Tiongson (2016), are “declarative sentences that claim something is true about something else
• TYPES OF ASSERTIONS

  ·       CONVENTION

  ·       FACT

  ·       OPINION

  ·       PREFERENCE
• CONVENTION

  ·       It is a way in which something is done, similar to traditions and norms. Conventions depend on historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and customs.
• FACT

  This is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research
• OPINION

  ·       They are based on facts, but are difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.
• PREFERENCE

  ·       They are based on personal choice; therefore, they are subjective and can not be objectively proven or logically attacked.
• COUNTERCLAIMS

  ·       claims made to rebut a previous claim.

  ·       To rebut means to contradict someone’s statement through a formal argument.

  They provide a contrasting perspective to the main argument
• CLAIM

  ·       is a statement that asserts facts based on one’s understanding about a particular topic or issue.
• REASON

  ·       part of an argument where a statement offers an explanation behind a party’s claim.
• EVIDENCE

  ·       statement that proves the truth of a claim and generally leads to the conclusion of an argument.
• TEXTUAL EVIDENCE

  ·       is information gathered from the text that supports your assertion or counterclaim about the text.

  ·       It refers to any proof of an argument, a claim, a counterclaim, an assertion cited in the text leading to a conclusion.
• PARAPHRASING

  ·       This is restating an author's or someone else's work using your own words without losing the original idea of the text.
• REFERENCING

  ·       is the act of mentioning a specific section of the text like an event or action.
• SUMMARIZING

  ·       This is stating the essential ideas together of the text in a shorter way
• QUOTING

  ·       This is stating a part of a text in the exact way it was written.
• COMPOSING ACADEMIC WRITING

  ·       Book review / article critique

  ·       Project proposal

  ·       Position paper
• BOOK REVIEW / ARTICLE CRITIQUE

  ·       describes and evaluates a work of fiction or nonfiction and offers the book’s overall purpose, structure, style of narration to the unknown readers.

  ·       It tells not only what a book is about, but also how successful it is at what it is trying to do. It is a sneak peek at a book, not a summary.
• HOW DO YOU START WRITING A BOOK REVIEW?

  1. Identify the book by author, title, and sometimes publishing information.

  2. Specify the type of book (for example: fiction, nonfiction biography, and autobiography). Help your readers to review with perspective.

  3. Mention the book’s theme.

  4. Include background, if necessary, to enable reader/s to place the book into a specific context.

  5. You may also use an interesting quote, an interesting fact, or an explanation of a concept or term
• -The length of the review depends upon the length of the book itself, and a review should not be less than 100 words. Longer books usually asks for more than 500 words.-
• PURPOSE OF A BOOK REVIEW

  ·       Provides a brief summary of a book

  ·       Critically evaluates the contents of a book

  Suggests whether a book is worth reading
• PROJECT PROPOSAL

  ·       document that is written for problem solving, service provision, event planning, or equipment selling.

  ·       proposals are used to convince the reader to do what the proposal suggests, such as buying goods or services, funding a project, or implementing a program.
• Gathering the Data.

  ·       One of the characteristics of an effective proposal is being well- researched. It needs concreted data to back up its claims so it can become more credible.
• What to do with the content of nonfiction books

  • Pay primary attention to the major points (the argument) the author is putting forth
  • Pay attention to the sources the author has drawn upon to back up his/her point of view
• What to do with the content of fictional works

  • Analyze the book's setting
  • Analyze the plot
  • Analyze the style
  • Analyze the characters
  • Analyze the theme/s
  • Analyze the use of language and voice
• Provide your reactions to the book

  Describe your personal response to the book
• Describe the book

  Summarize the key details and content of the book
• Respond to the author's opinions

  Analyze and critique the author's viewpoints and arguments
• Explore issues the book raises


  Discuss the broader themes, ideas and questions the book brings up
• Organizing the Data.

  ·       A proposal becomes more effective if the information on it is clearly organized.
• Writing the Proposal.

  ·       Fill out the parts of the proposal with the relevant data.
• Revising the Proposal.

  ·       Make sure to review your proposal for accuracy and organization before you send it out.
• An INFORMAL proposal is about 2-4 PAGES long. Meanwhile, a FORMAL proposal has 5 OR MORE PAGES. Regardless of their purpose and audience, they have standard parts
• INTRODUCTION. This part provides the background necessary for understanding the project,
• ·       RATIONALE - this identifies the problem to be addressed and shows the need to solve it.
• ·       OBJECTIVES - these reveal what the project intends to achieve in terms of results.

  SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Results oriented, and bound within a realistic Time frame).
• BENEFITS - these show what the reader or the target audience can gain from the proposal
• ·       PROJECT DESCRIPTION. This section gives specific information about the project itself
• ·       METHODOLOGY – this entails the different activities, the project will take on, including the manpower