biotech in health

• In the year 2020, a new Biogen Alzheimer’s disease drug was developed and named “Aducanumab” which was sufficiently safe and effective in treating patients with cognitive impairment due to mild to severe Alzheimer’s disease.
• Biotechnology - is the use of artificial methods to modify the genetic material of living organisms or cells to produce novel compounds or to perform new functions.
•  The primary applications of biotechnology in medicine are the production of vaccines and antibiotics. 
• Alexander Fleming - one of biotechnology’s breakthrough was the accidental but successful discovery of penicillin in 1928
• Penicillium notatum - the fungus that proved extremely effective even at very low concentrations, preventing Staphylococcus growth even when diluted 800 times, and was less toxic than the disinfectants used at the time.
• penicillin - was nicknamed the wonder drug and had saved many lives by the end of World War II.
• red biotechnology - is a process which utilizes organisms to improve health care and help the body to fight diseases, branch of modern biotechnology which is utilized in the field of medicine. It is of great value not only to the pharmaceutical industry but also to the medical profession as it facilitates the enhancement of the quality of life on one hand and the alleviation of human suffering on the other.
• red biotechnology - became a very important part of the medical field and is of tremendous use in the field of diagnostics, gene therapy, and clinical research and trials. Genetic engineering and the development and production of various new medicines to treat the different life-threatening diseases are also part of the benefits of red biotechnology.
• medicine - is the field of health and healing that includes nurses, doctors, and various specialists. It covers diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, medical research, and many other aspects of health.
• medicine - aims to promote and maintain health and well-being. 
• pathology - is a branch of medical science primarily concerning the cause, origin, and nature of the disease. It involves the examination of tissues, organs, bodily fluids, and autopsies in order to study and diagnose disease.
• molecular diagnostics - draw upon recent advances in biology to diagnose infectious disease by detecting the presence or absence of pathogen-associated molecules (nucleic acids or protein) in a patient's blood or tissues.
• Recombinant vaccines - are possibly the most important medical advance of the last hundred years.
• may 14, 1796 - Edward Jenner took fluid from a cowpox blister and scratched it into the skin of James Phipps, an eight-year-old boy.
• bioremediation - influences the natural biochemical processes of plants or micro-organisms to clean up the environment.
• Two main types of pollution : organic waste and heavy metals
• Bacteria can detoxify both. Plants can break down most forms of organic waste, and can store harmful metals in their tissues, therefore making it easier to collect, harvest, and even recycle metal waste. 
• Conventional chemical sewage treatment - can be augmented by the use of beneficial bacteria and other microorganisms to kill pathogens.
• bioinformatics - is the of computer hardware and software to store, retrieve and analyze large quantities of biological data. The use of high throughput technologies 
• Sequencing pathogen genomes - together with bio-informatics can rapidly accelerate the process of medicinal drug discovery and are important tools in fight against infectious diseases
• enriched genetically modified crops -with genetic modification, it became possible to introduce new genes and new traits into crops that developed more rapidly and more precisely than traditional breeding.
• malnutrition - adversely affects the immune system and amplifies the effects of infectious diseases.
• genetic modification - it became possible to introduce new genes and new traits into crops that developed more rapidly and more precisely than traditional breeding and also enable the introduction of new genes from different species producing crops fortified with nutritional values vital for good health.
• Recombinant therapeutic proteins - are used to treat many non-communicable diseases, and the recombinant technology makes it possible to insert a gene or genes for the therapeutic protein into a suitable organism. 
• Transgenic mammals - are currently the most attractive source of recombinant therapeutic proteins.
• Tissue nanotransfection - works by injecting genetic code into skin cells, which turns those skin cells into the other types of cells required for treating diseases. 
• CRISPR Cas9 - acts like a pair of molecular scissors and can cut DNA. Specialized in stretches of DNA and are used in medical biotechnology as a tool to edit genomes.
• Stem Cell - can keep dividing infinitely and have the capacity to differentiate into different types of body cells during the early development of an organism.
• Gene Therapy - is designed to introduce genetic material into cells to compensate for abnormal genes or to make a beneficial protein. If a mutated gene causes a necessary protein to be faulty or missing, gene therapy may be able to introduce a normal copy of the gene to restore the function of the protein.
• Human Genome Project - was an international scientific research project coordinated by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Energy and considered as one of the greatest accomplishments of exploration in human history. 
• The human genome project was officially launched in 1990 with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA. In April 2003, the researchers announced that they had completed a preliminary sequencing of the entire human genome.
• Targeted cancer therapies - are drugs that work either by interfering with the function of specific molecules or by only targeting known cancerous cells, in order to minimize damage to healthy cells.
• Biotechnology has now made it possible for doctors to view an entire 3Dimage of the inside of a patient’s body through the use of MRI and CT scans.
• New advances in bionic technology and 3D printing have taken it even further. It has made it possible to artificially construct internal organs like the heart, kidney, and liver.
• ferritin rice - It is a product of a genetically modified crop that offers an inexpensive and sustainable solution to mitigate iron deficiency using Oryza sativa