The Liberal Constitution of Cadiz is implemented in Manila with provisions including individual liberties
1813
The galleon trade ends
1815
A monarchist counteroffensive ends further secularization of parishes
1826
The Royal Company of the Philippines is abolished. Americans established two commercial houses in Manila. A royal decree declares Manila open to international trade
1834
Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveriadecrees that indios be given Spanish surnames
1849-1859
CATALOGO ALFABETICO DE APELLIDOS
The British firm Smith, Bell and Company is established in Manila and becomes a major trader of sugar and hemp
1853
The Jesuits return to the Philippines and accept missions in Muslim areas
1859
Father Jose Burgos publishes a "Manifesto Addressed by the Loyal Filipinos to the Noble Spanish Nation," criticizing Spanish discrimination against secular priests
1864
In the aftermath of a mutiny at the Cavite naval arsenal, Fathers Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora are executed
1872
Jose Rizal leaves for Europe
1882
RizalpublishesNoliMeTangere
1887
Rizal publishes El Filibusterismo
1891
Rizal returns to Manila, organizes La Liga Filipina, and is exiled to Dapitan. Andres Bonifacio establishes the Katipunan
1892
The Katipunan network expands and elects Bonifacio its supremo
1895
TheKatipunanisdiscoveredand begins an uprising. Rizal is executed onDec. 30
1896
Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria decrees that indios be given Spanish surnames