Science

• Gregor Mendel investigates how individual traits were inherited
• Peas- pisum sativum
• Genetics- study of heredity and the factors that affect the transmission of genes that determine the inherited characteristic
• Heredity - refers to the transfer of traits genes from parents to offspring
• Parental or P1 generation - the pure-breeding peas
• When cross pollinated, the resulting offspring is called first filial generation
• F1 generation was also called hybrid because it resulted from a cross between two pure-breed plants with different traits
• Mendelian principles of heredity - plants which controlled the appearance of a trait that he called heredity "factors"
• Traits were regulated by a pair of factors now called alleles
• Law of dominance - in every organism there is a pair of factors or genes that controls the appearance of a particular trait
• Homozygous - identical alleles
• Genotype - particular trait of an organism
• Phenotype -the observable trait or visible trait
• Law of segregation - all pair of genes for all traits of an organism separate from each other during meiosis
• Law of independent assortment -distribution or assortment of one of one pair of genes is independent of the distribution of the other pair
• Dihybrid crosses - cross between two individuals with different phenotypes and different genotypes