literary

• Cities in the National Capital Region (NCR)

  • Manila
  • Quezon City
  • Las Piñas
  • Makati
  • Mandaluyong
  • Marikina
  • Muntinlupa
  • Parañaque
  • Pasay
  • Pasig
  • San Juan
  • Taguig
  • Caloocan
  • Malabon
  • Navotas
  • Valenzuela
  • Pateros
• NCR


  • Philippines's political, economic, social, and cultural center
  • 18th most populous city in the world in 2016
  • One of the modern metropolises in the Southeast Asia

  
• Due to its dense population with its people coming from the different areas of the country and its neighboring countries, Merly M. Alunan, an Eastern Visayan writer and professor, described Metro Manila as a "huge urban conglomeration"

  
• NCR is also a place of economic extremes. High-income citizens reside in highly developed urban cities such as Makati and Muntinlupa while poor and low-income families are scattered in slum areas such as Tondo and Smokey Mountain
• Filipino


  More popularly known as Tagalog, the national language and an official language of the country, is the most widely spoken language in Metro Manila
• English


  Language of commerce, law, and several workplaces
• The Tagalog literature has been born and developed in the provinces of Southern Luzon, Central Luzon, and the present Metropolitan Manila or the National Capital Region
• Southern Luzon is consisted of the provinces of Region IV–A and Region IV–B. Region IV-A, also known as CALABARZON, consists of the provinces of Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, and Quezon. Region IV-B, also known as MIMAROPA, consists of Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro, Marinduque, and Palawan
• In Region III or Central Luzon, there are provinces where Tagalog has been predominantly used as communication tool. These are the provinces of Aurora, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, and Bulacan
• The Tagalog region is well-known nationwide as the birthplace of a rich tradition of Philippine culture in the aspects of language, politics, economy and literature
• University of Sto. Tomas, the oldest university in the Philippines, is located in Manila
• The first printing press that was built in Manila made the publication of the first book Doctrina Cristiana possible in 1593, in the form of xylography. This was written in Spanish and Tagalog languages
• Pasyon, which narrated the life of Christ in the form of song and poetry was written in Tagalog by the various writers Gaspar Aquino de Belen and Fr. Mariano Pilapil
• The literary tradition in the Tagalog regions had been outstanding in the field of oral literature. Bugtong (riddle), proverbs, native songs, and other forms had always been in poetic forms. Its form and perspective were distincted as Asian, usually containing seven-syllabic rhymes
• Some writers of classic Philippine literature from the past

  • Francisco Balagtas Baltazar
  • Jose Rizal
  • Andres Bonifacio
  • Apolinario Mabini
  • Emilio Jacinto
  • Marcelo H. del Pilar
  • Jose P. Laurel
  • Claro M. Recto
  • Amado V. Hernandez
  • Lope K. Santos
  • Lazaro Francisco
  • Faustino Aguilar
  • Jose Corazon de Jesus
  • Alejandro Abadilla
  • Modesto de Castro
• Some writers from Metro Manila with timeless and permanent contribution to the development of Philippine literature

  • Carmen Guerrero-Nakpil
  • Nicomedes "Nick" Márquez Joaquín
  • Alejandro Reyes Roces
  • Bienvenido N. Santos
  • Carmen Acosta
  • Genoveva Edroza Matute
• Some contemporary writers from past to present

  • Lualhati Bautista
  • Gémino H. Abad
  • Bebang Siy
  • Bob Ong
  • Ricky Lee
  • Ferdinand Pisigan Jarin
• Mindanao


  The "Land of Promise" in the Philippines
• Major islands of Mindanao


  • Mindanao mainland
  • Camiguin
  • Siargao
  • Samal
  • Dinagat
  • Bucas Grande
  • Basilan
  • Sulu
  • Tawi-Tawi
• Regions of Mindanao


  • BARMM
  • CARAGA
  • Davao
  • Northern Mindanao
  • SOCCSKARGEN
  • Zamboanga Peninsula

  
• Davao City


  The most populous place in Mindanao
• Apo in Davao


  The highest point in the Philippines
• Famous local destinations in Mindanao

  • Maria Cristina Falls
  • Limunsudan Falls
  • Tinago Falls
  • Tinuy-an Falls
  • Lake Lanao
  • Lake Sebu in South Cotabato
  • AGUS RIVER, SIARGAO
  • Dahilayan Forest Park
  • RIO GRANDE, PHILIPPINES
  • Enchanted River in Surigao del Sur

  
• Famous landmarks in Mindanao

  • Sunken Cemetery
  • The Grand Mosque of Cotabato
• Languages spoken in Mindanao

  • Cebuano
  • Mandaya
  • Kalagan
  • Giangon
  • Dibabawon
  • Tagabawa
  • Hiligaynon
  • Mansaka
  • Sangirese
  • Obo
  • Sarangani
• Ethnic groups in Mindanao

  • Lumads: Subanons, Bukidnon, Ata Manobos, Mamanwas, Matigsalugs, Agusan Manobos, Talaandigs, Kamigins, Higaonons, T'Bolis, Tirurays, B'laans, Saranganis, Cotabato Manobos, Obos, Mandayas, Giangans, Tagabawas, Kalagans, Sangirese, Mansakas
  • Moros: Maguindanaos, Maranaos, Tausugs, Yakans, Iranuns
  • Other groups: Butuanons, Surigaonons, Kagay-anons, Zamboangueños, Hiligaynons, Cebuanos, Bajaos
• Oral literary forms in Mindanao

  • Folktales
  • Myths
  • Legends
  • Poems
  • Epics
  • Ballads
  • Riddles
  • Proverbs
• Folktales in Mindanao


  • Kana-kana (from Jama Mapun and Sama)
  • Katakata (from Tausug)
  • Oman-oman (from Davaoeños)
  • Totol (from Maranao)
  • Tudtol (from Iranon)
  • Tudtolan (from Maguindanao)
• Famous folktales in Mindanao

  • Agamaniyog Folktales from Maranao
  • Manuk-manuk Bulawan from Indanan (also known as Agta and Datu Dakula)
  • Posong or Pusung from Tausug – stories of how Posong the trickster has always deceived the datu and get away with it
• Famous epics in Mindanao

  • Bantugan – Maranao epic
  • Indarapatra and Sulayman – Maguindanao epic
  • Parang Sabil hi Abdulla iban hi Isara – Tausug epic/ ballad
• For every folk literature such as ballads, proverbs, riddles, the ethnic groups have their own ways of naming it
• Most ballads are historical which feature heroic deeds of important personalities
• Filipinos have lack of access to the textual materials of the oral literature of Mindanao
• Maria Christian Falls


  Known as "Twin Falls," where a boulder at the top of the falls separates the water flow into two. Hence the name.
• Using the water flow of Maria Christian Falls


  They can create hydroelectricity
• Limunsudan Falls


  Known as the "Four-tier Falls," the fourth layer is found at the very top hidden behind the dense forestry.
• Tinago Falls


  Known as "Hidden Falls," which hidden within the forest.
• Tinago Falls' beauty is the pride of Mindanao
• Tinuy-an Falls


  • One of the best tourist destinations in Mindanao due to its appearance
  • One of the safest falls since it is wide and flat
• Lake Lanao


  • Second largest lake in the Philippines
  • It can be found in the province of Lanao Del Sur
  • Lake Lanao is derived from the word "Maranao"
  • It is 340 square miles wide, making it the second largest lake in the Philippines