Legal and Ethical Issues in MIL

• Intellectual Property - Refers to

  creations of the mind.
• Types of Intellectual Property:

  1. Copyright
  2. Plagiarism
• Copyright owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive payment for that reproduction.
• Violation of a

  copyright is called infringement.
• Plagiarism - An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization.
• Types of Plagiarism

  1. The ghost writer
  2. The photocopy
  3. The potluck paper
  4. The poor disguise 
  5. The labor of laziness
  6. The self-stealer
  7. The forgotten footnote 
  8. The misinformer
  9. The too-perfect paraphrase 
  10. The resourceful citer
  11. The perfect crime
• Fair Use - You can use copyrighted materials without license only for certain purposes.
• Digital Citizenship - Having the appropriate knowledge and skills to effectively use digital technologies.
• Netiquette - A set of socially

  constructed rules and norms for behaving and communicating responsibly in an online environment.
• Core Rules of Netiquette: 

  1. REMEMBER THE HUMAN 
  2. ADHERE TO THE SAME STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR ONLINE THAT YOU FOLLOW IN REAL LIFE. 
  3. KNOW WHERE YOU ARE IN CYBERSPACE
  4. RESPECT OTHER PEOPLE'S TIME AND BANDWIDTH
  5. MAKE YOURSELF LOOK GOOD ONLINE
  6. SHARE EXPERT KNOWLEDGE
  7. HELP KEEP FLAME WARS UNDER CONTROL
  8. RESPECT OTHER PEOPLE'S PRIVACY 
  9. DON'T ABUSE YOUR POWER
  10. BE FORGIVING OF OTHER PEOPLE'S MISTAKES
• Digital Divide - An inequality or disparity between demographic groups in terms of access to, use of, or knowledge of ICT.
• The people born in the Internet and digital technology age are who we call as Digital Natives. The term is often used synonymously with 'Millennial'
• Digital Immigrants - Those who are born before the widespread adoption of computers and the Internet and has had to adopt digital technology later in life.
• The Digital Rich and Poor - The financial capacity of an individual affects his ability to purchase a gadget and reliable Internet access. Access to the Internet and all these technological advancements is a privilege not all are able to afford.
• The Digital Skilled and the Digital Unskilled - A discrepancy in terms of digital skills occurs because of the lack of funds and opportunities. Similarly to the aforementioned, a lack of digital skills may stem from an individual's socioeconomic status.
• Internet Addiction - A compulsive, chronic, physiological or psychological need for a habit-forming substance, behavior, or activity having harmful physical, psychological, or social effects.
• Cyberbullying - Refers to the use of digital communication tools, such as social media, text messages, emails, or online platforms, to harass, intimidate, or harm others. It involves repeated and deliberate hostile behavior aimed at targeting an individual or group, often to cause emotional distress or humiliation.
• The Ghost Writer - The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own.
• The Photocopy - The writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source, without alteration.
• The Potluck Paper - The writer copies from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit together while retaining most of the original phrasing.
• The Poor Disguise - The writer has altered the paper's appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.
• The Labor of Laziness - The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it.
• The Self-Stealer - The writer "borrows" generously from his or her previous work.
• The Forgotten Footnote - The writer mentions an author's name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced.
• The Misinformer - The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources making it impossible to find them.
• The Too-Perfect Paraphrase - The writer properly cites a source but neglects to put

  in quotation marks on text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it.
• The Resourceful Citer - The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work!
• The Perfect Crime - The writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation.
• Sources Cited But Still Plagiarized: 

  1. The forgotten footnote 
  2. The misinformer
  3. The too-perfect paraphrase 
  4. The resourceful citer
  5. The perfect crime