Risk

• Open wound types


  Puncture, incision, laceration, abrasion, avulsion
• Kinds of bleeding: capillaries, arteries, veins
• Soft tissue injury types: closed wound, open wound
• ICES: ice cold, compression, elevation, splinting
• Fracture types: open fracture, closed fracture, complicated fracture
• Secondary assessment


  Head-to-toe examination, vitals, interview
• Primary assessment


  Systematic checklist
• AVPU

  Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive
• ABCD

  Airways, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillator
• DRS


  Danger, Response, Send for help
• PQRST

  Promotes, Quality, Region/Radiates, Severity, Time
• “does this hurt more? hurt less?”

  Promotes/Alleviates
• “Describe the pain”

  Quality
• “Where does it hurt? Does it go anywhere else?”

  Region/Radiates
• “Rate the pain on a scale of 1-10”

  Severity
• “How long have you been hurt?”

  Time
• precautions taken to isolate bodily substances

  Body Substance Isolation
• BSI


  Body Substance Isolation
• Can hold logical convo

  Alert
• Drowsy but able to reply

  Voice
• Pressure on nail bed

  Pain
• No reaction to all stimuli


  Unresponsive
• Levels of Response


  AVPU (Alert, Voice, Pain, Unresponsive)
• caller should drop the phone last
• relay info to EMS


  Send for Help
• Trauma


  Fracture, soft tissue injury, bandaging
• Soft tissue injury


  Break in the continuity of tissue
• Closed wound first aid

  ICES
• Break in the skin

  Open wound
• Without break/damage in the skin

  closed wound
• Caused by force, blunt objects


  closed wound
• Slow, even flow of bleeding

  capillaries
• Spurting, pulsating, bright red bleeding

  Arteries
• Steady, slow flow of bleeding; dark red

  Veins
• Burns types


  Thermal, chemical, electrical
• Factors in determining burns

  Depth, extent, location, victim’s age+medical condition
• Superficial thickness burn


  1st degree burn
• Partial thickness burn


  2nd degree burn
• Full thickness burn


  3rd degree burn
• burns in face, hands, feet, and genitals are more severe