RW 1

• *Being a critical reader also involves understanding that texts are always developed with a certain context
• CONTEXT is defined as the social, cultural, political, historical, and other related circumstances that surround the text and from the terms from which it can be better understood and evaluated
• Linear Text is a traditional way of reading and needs to be read from beginning to the end.
• What is a linear way of reading?

  In a linear, written text, the reader makes sense of the text according to the arrangement of the words, both grammatically and syntactically.
• Non Linear way of Reading

  What is the non-linear text?

  This type of text has many reading paths since it’s the readers who decide the sequence of reading, not the author of the text. In the new trend, we have the new system of nonlinear way of reading which is through the use of links and it is called hypertext.
• HYPERTEXT is a nonlinear way of showing information and is usually accomplished using “links”.
• Hypertext documents are interconnected by hyperlinks, which are typically activated by a mouse click, keypress set, or by touching the screen. Rather than remaining static like traditional text, hypertext makes a dynamic organization of information possible through links and connections (called hyperlink).
• • HYPERTEXT  is a computer-based text retrieval system wherein the user could access particular locations or files in web pages or other electronic documents by clicking on links within specific web pages or documents.
• The World Wide Web (www) is a global hypertext system of information residing on servers linked across the internet.

  Hypertext is the foundation of World Wide Web enabling users to click on link to obtain more information on a subsequent page on the same site or from website anywhere in the world.

  The term hypertext was coined by Ted Nelson in 1963.
• Hypertext allows readers to access information particularly suited to their needs. Example, if a reader still needs more background on a particular item that a text is discussing, such as when a reader does not know a particular term being used, the reader can choose to highlight that term and access a page that defines the term and describes it.
• Conversely, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. URLs occur most commonly to reference web pages (http) but are also used for file transfer (ftp), email (mailto), database access (JDBC), and many other applications.
• Today, links are not just limited to text or documents but may also incorporate other forms of multimedia such as images, audio, and videos that stimulate more senses. This is called hypermedia.
• Intertextuality is the modelling of a text’s meaning by another text. It is defined as the connections between language, images, characters, themes, or subjects depending on their similarities in language, genre, or discourse.
• Intertext or intertextuality is technically defined as a process of text development that merges two more processes such as imitation and creation in doing a text. It involves imitation because the author as highly influenced by another author comes up with his own version of the text consciously or unconsciously incorporating the style and other characteristics of the text done by that author.
• Intertextuality has rooted from the work of a Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913). Meanwhile, the term itself was first used by Bulgarian-French philosopher and psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva in the 1960s.
• Intertextuality is said to take place using four specific methods namely: retelling, pastiche, quotation, and allusion
• 1. Retelling

  It is the restatement of a story or re-expression of a narrative.
• 2. Quotation

  It is the method of directly lifting the exact statements or set of words from a text another author has made.
• 3. Allusion

  In this method, a writer or speaker explicitly or implicitly pertains to an idea or passage found in another text without the use of quotation.
• 4. Pastiche

  It is a text developed in a way that it copies the style or other properties of another text without making fun of it unlike in a parody