lesson 1

Created by

Jhil Patel

Cards (16)

Gene 
The coding region of DNA that contains instructions to build a protein
DNA Packaging 
There is a lot of DNA that needs to fit inside every single cell of an organism
This is accomplished differently in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Histone 
Proteins that DNA coils around to form complexes that combine to form chromatin
Chromatin 
The complex formed by DNA coiling around histone proteins
Packaging in Prokaryotes 
DNA in archaea and bacteria is found in simple loop-shaped chromosomes
They may also contain plasmids, small accessory loops of DNA
Bacterial DNA is found in an area called the nucleoid
Genome 
The entire set of DNA in an organism
Diploid 
Chromosomes occur in homologous pairs
Haplo-diploid 
Females are diploid, while the males are haploid
Ploidy levels in plants
Haploid
Diploid
Triploid
Tetraploid
Hexaploid
Frederick Miescher 
In 1868, he studied the composition of the nucleus and extracted an unknown acidic substance containing phosphorus, which he named "nuclein"
Frederick Griffith 
In 1928, he studied pneumonia bacteria and showed some sort of hereditary transmission (transformation)
Oswald Avery, Colin McLeod, Maclyn McCarty 
Based on Griffith's findings, they carried out similar studies in 1944 using Streptococcus and showed that DNA was the hereditary substance
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase 
In 1952, they used bacteriophages and E. coli bacteria to verify that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material
Edward Chargaff 
In 1950, he discovered that the DNA bases occur in definite ratios where A = T and C = G, now known as Chargaff's Ratios
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins 
Used X-ray crystallography to study the shape of the DNA molecule, with Franklin producing clearer crystallographs than Wilkins
James Watson and Francis Crick
In 1952, they built models of DNA and realized that a double helix model fit all the known information, with the strands running anti-parallel