HEMATOLOGY

• Athanasius Kircher: described worms in the blood
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek: gave account to RBCs
• Giulio Bizzozero: described platelets as "petite plaques"
• James Homer Wright: developed Wright Stain

  Components:

  • Fixative
  • Methanol
  • Azure B
  • Methylene Blue
  • Eosin Y
• Joseph and Wallace Coulter: developed the first electronic counter
• HEMATOLOGY: study of formed elements of the blood
• Immature Erythrocyte: Reticulocyte

  Mature Erythrocyte: Discocyte
• Leukocytes

  • Granulocyte
  • Neutrophil
  • Eosinophil
  • Basophil
• Leukocytes

  • Agranulocyte
  • Lymphocyte
  • Monocyte
  • Plasma Cell
• ERYTHROCYTE

  • anucleate, biconcave discoid
  • contains reddish to pink red
  • 6 to 8 mm in diameter
  • Lifespan: 120 days
• RBC Membrane

  • 50% Protein
  • Glycophorin A: maintains negativity
  • Spectrin and Actin: maintains biconcavity
• RBC Membrane

  • 40% Lipids: reduces membrane fluidity
  • 10% Carbohydrate: antigenic property
• NEUTROPHIL

  • pink to rose-violet granules
  • multilobed
  • engulfs and destroy microoorganism
• LEUKOCYTES

  inc. : leukocytosis

  dec. : leukopenia
• BASOPHIL

  • dark purple to blue black irregular granules
  • unsegmented or bilobed releases mediators of inflammation
• BASOPHIL

  inc. : basophilia: allergies --> histamine

  dec. : basopenia: rare hematologic disorder
• EOSINOPHIL

  • reddish-orange graniles
  • usually 2 lobes
  • releases enzymes that disable parasites
• EOSINOPHIL

  inc. : eosinophilia: parasitic infection, allergies

  dec. : eosinopenia
• LYMPHOCYTES

  • pale to moderate blue cytoplasm
  • round or oval shaped, slightly indented
  • Function: destroying cancer cells, infected by viruses
• LYMPHOCYTES

  inc. : lymphocytosis: viral infection

  dec. : lymphocytopenia: HIV infection
• MONOCYTE

  • blue-grey cytoplasm
  • contains fine azure granules
  • Smallest: lymphs
  • Biggest: macrophage
• MONOCYTE

  inc. : monocytosis

  dec. : monocytopenia
• THROMBOCYTES

  • known as platelets
  • measures 2 to 4 mm
  • light blue to purple
• PLATELET ADHESION: attachment of plts to the site of injury

  PLATELET AGGRESSION: plts clumping
• THROMBOCYTES

  inc. : thrombocytosis

  dec. : thrombocytopenia