Repro

• Penis


  • Male reproductive organ
  • Composed of 3 cylindrical masses of vascular erectile tissue
  • Urethra runs through the shaft and opens at the urethral meatus
• Scrotum


  • Thin-walled sac that contains the testes, epididymis, and vas deferens
  • Helps maintain cooler-than-body temperature necessary for sperm production
  • Contains cremaster muscle that controls temperature
• Testes


  Ovoid-shaped organs that produce sperm and testosterone
• Spermatic cord


  Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the vas deferens
• Epididymis


  Coiled, tubular structure where sperm mature
• Vas deferens


  Muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
• Inguinal canal


  Tube-like structure through which the vas deferens travels
• External inguinal ring


  Exterior opening of the inguinal canal, can be palpated
• Internal inguinal ring


  Internal opening of the inguinal canal, cannot be palpated
• Femoral canal


  Another potential spot for a hernia
• Anal canal


  Final segment of the digestive system, lined with skin containing many sensory nerves
• Anal sphincters


  External sphincter is voluntary, internal sphincter is involuntary
• Rectum


  Lowest portion of the large intestine, contains valves of Houston
• Prostatic hyperplasia, enlargement of the prostate gland, has become increasingly common in men over age 40
• Seminal vesicles


  Rabbit-ear-shaped structures that produce the ejaculate
• Cowper's (or bulbourethral) glands


  Mucus-producing glands that surround and empty into the urethra
• External genitalia


  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Clitoris
  • Vestibule
  • Urethral meatus
  • Vaginal orifice
  • Bartholin's glands
• Mons pubis


  Fat pad located over the symphysis pubis
• Labia majora


  • Skin folds composed of adipose tissue, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
  • Outer surface covered with pubic hair, inner surface pink, smooth, and moist
• Labia minora


  • Thinner skin folds, join anteriorly at the clitoris and form a prepuce or hood, posteriorly join to form the frenulum
  • Hairless and usually darker pink, contain numerous sebaceous glands that promote lubrication and maintain a moist environment
• Clitoris


  Small, cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves with three parts: the glans, the corpus, and the crura
• Vestibule


  Boat-shaped area formed by the skin folds of the labia majora and labia minora, contains several openings
• Urethral meatus


  Opening located between the clitoris and the vaginal orifice
• Skene's glands


  Small glands that secrete mucus to lubricate and maintain a moist vaginal environment, openings usually not visible
• Vaginal orifice


  External opening of the vagina, has either a slit-like or irregular circular structure depending on the configuration of a hymen
• Hymen


  Fold of membranous tissue that covers part of the vagina
• Bartholin's glands


  Small glands that secrete mucus to lubricate the area during sexual intercourse, openings located on either side of and slightly posterior to the vaginal orifice
• Internal genitalia


  • Vagina
  • Cervix
  • Uterus
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Ovaries
• Vagina


  Muscular, tubular organ that extends up and slightly back toward the rectum from the vaginal orifice to the cervix, performs functions of allowing passage of menstrual flow, receiving the penis during sexual intercourse, and serving as the lower portion of the birth canal during delivery
• Vaginal wall


  • Comprises four layers: outer layer of pink squamous epithelium and connective tissue, second layer of submucosal tissue containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic channels, third layer of smooth muscle, fourth layer of connective tissue and vascular network
• Cervix


  Separates the upper end of the vagina from the isthmus of the uterus, composed of smooth muscle, muscle fibers, and connective tissue
• External os


  Junction of the cervix and the vagina, appears as a small, round depression in nulliparous women and slit-like in women who have given birth
• Squamocolumnar junction


  Point where the pink squamous epithelium and the red, rough-looking columnar epithelium meet, migrates toward the cervical os with maturation or increased estrogen levels
• Transformational zone


  Area where the squamocolumnar junction migrates, 90% of neoplasms of the lower genital track originate in this area, cells obtained from this area for cervical cytology or Pap test
• Cervix functions


  • Allow entrance of sperm into the uterus, allow passage of menstrual flow, secrete mucus, prevent entrance of vaginal bacteria, stretch (dilate) during childbirth to allow passage of the fetus
• Uterus


  Pear-shaped muscular organ with two components: the corpus (body) and the cervix (neck), usually situated in a forward position above the bladder at approximately a 45-degree angle to the vagina
• Uterine wall layers


  • Endometrium (inner mucosal layer), myometrium (middle smooth muscle layer), peritoneum (outer layer that covers the uterus and separates it from the abdominal cavity)
• Ovaries


  Pair of small, oval-shaped organs situated on a lateral aspect of the pelvic cavity, function to develop and release ova and produce hormones
• Fallopian tubes


  1. to 12-cm long tubes that begin near the ovaries and enter the uterus just beneath the fundus, end near the ovary has fringe-like extensions called fimbriae
• Adnexa


  Ovaries, fallopian tubes, and supporting ovarian ligaments