Tourism Examples

• Bali-Tourism


  -One of the worlds top tourism industries-COVID caused the island to shut for the 1st time (SARs and terrorism in 2002 also caused it to shut)-Pre COVID, 5 million visitors per year and tourism contributed to 61% of GDP.-Post COVID, 2.1 million visitors per year and economy contracted by 9.1%'Denpasar'-capital'Kuta'-area where people surf and nightlife'Nusa Dua'-popular with celebrities
• Bali-Environmental Problems


  -Many unfinished buildings

  -Lots of litter

  -Plastic in farmland

  -Tourists create 3.5x more waste (1.7kg/day)

  -Collectors bring 2 tonnes of plastic in per day

  -Only 1/3rd of rubbish can be recycled

  -93 million plastic strawers used every day in Indonesia

  -In 2008 water deficit of 750,000 metres squred.
• Bali-Social Problems

  -Cultural suppression

  -Globalisation led to a loss of Balinese culture

  -'Commercialised' culture

  -Large muslim community

  -Offensive wearing of bikinis outside holy areas (possible ban of bikinis).
• Bali-Economic Problems


  -Over reliant on a volatile industry (61% of GDP)

  -Price of food becomes more expensive for locals

  -Economic leakage (employment to overseas workers)

  -Large traffic jams

  -70% of money earned in Bali leaves the country because they are foreign owned businesses
• Svalbard, Norway-History

  -First tours to the Arctic in 1800s ('Knapsack Adventures')

  -1850, cruises made the area more accessible

  -Today Arctic areas get 1 million visitors per year

  -Niche tourism e.g fishing, culture etc

  -300 jobs created

  -70,000 tourists per year (30,000 from cruises)

  -several hotels

  -Most accessible Arctic location (96% of homes have internet)

  -Capital of Longyearbyen
• Svalbard, Norway-Attractions

  -Northern lights

  -Ice hotels

  -Wildlife tourism, polar bears, seals etc
• Svalbard, Norway-Problems

  -Tundra damaged from tourists walking on it and takes a long time to recover

  -Litter dropped gets eaten by animals and looks unsightly

  -Ships emit CO2, propellers disturb sediment, risk of oil spill

  -120 polar bears shot in self defence since 1970
• Iceland-Evidence of Overtourism

  -Degraded hiking trails

  -Mass damage in Pingvellir national park

  -Off road driving damaging landscapes

  -TNCs in Reykavik

  -City centre is now just hotels and air BnBs

  -In 2017, 2 million visitors and became overcrowded

  -Air BnB responsible for 44% of housing market

  -Tourists go to the loo outside because not enough toilets

  -2018, 6 tourists for every local
• Iceland-Strategies


  -Encouraging off season travel

  -Encouraged off the beaten track

  -40% increase in spending on tourism, improves infrastructure like car parks and loos.

  -New Visa attracts high earners

  -New 'sky lagoon' and bubble hotel

  -Opened 8 new roads
• Venice, Italy-Impacts of Over Tourism (Local Services)


  -Now turned into souvenir shops etc

  -People sharing flats

  -Locals no longer catered for

  -1960, 122,000 live in Venice centre and today is less then 54,000 as people have migrated away.
• Venice, Italy-Impacts of Over Tourism (Congestion of Waterways)

  -Increase in powerful boats, creates waves which undermines the foundations and loosens bricks

  -Waves dredge lagoons and exposes wooden pillars

  -Salt water gets into walls and degrades them
• Venice, Italy-Impacts of Over Tourism (Cruise Ships)

  -Look very ugly

  -30 per week

  -Damage buildings

  -Bring in 1.5 million people per year

  -As a result now directly protesting against cruise ships
• Over Tourism

  Where a location has breached it's capacity, quality of life has deteriorated, feels crowded, strain on services etc.