mock closed book

• Which stage of clinical development relies on a small number of healthy, male volunteers to determine the safety and tolerated dose of a new drug?

  Phase III

  Phase IIa

  Phase I

  Phase IIb

  Phase IV

  Phase I- safety of tolerance of med, using healthy males
• Which ONE of the following study designs can demonstrate causality?

  Case-control study

  Prospective cohort study

  Meta-analysis

  Retrospective cohort study

  Randomized-controlled trial

  Randomized-controlled trial
• Which ONE of these excipients is commonly used as an alternative to gelatin in the manufacture of pharmaceutical capsule shells?

  Polyethylene glycol

  Hydrogenated vegetable oil

  Erythrosine

  Cellulose acetate

  Hypromellose

  Hypromellose
• Which ONE of the following statements relating to transdermal drug delivery is INCORRECT?

  The powder jet system fires solid particles through the stratum corneum.

  
  

  Iontophoresis uses light energy to disrupt the lipid bilayer in the stratum corneum producing large pores for active substances to pass through.

  
  

  Phonophoresis uses ultrasound energy in order to enhance the skin penetration of active substances.

  
  

  Chemical enhancers are able to transport an active substance across the skin by disrupting the lipid bilayer structure.

  
  

  Water can act as a penetration enhancer in transporting active substances across the skin.


  Iontophoresis uses light energy to disrupt the lipid bilayer in the stratum corneum producing large pores for active substances to pass through.
• Surface tension is a phenomenon that arises due to which ONE of the following?

  A net inward force at the surface due to a lack of neighbouring molecules

  
  

  A net outward force arising from the molecules trapped in solution

  
  

  The availability of oxygen atoms for interaction in the gaseous phase above the liquid interface

  
  

  Thermal drift currents that naturally circulate within the body of a fluid at rest

  
  

  The presence of impurities within the media of interest

  A net inward force at the surface due to a lack of neighbouring molecules
• Which type of fluid behaviour is represented in the following rheogram?

  Newtonian
• Which ONE of the following statements about reverse-phase HPLC is INCORRECT?

  The mobile phase consists of low-polarity solvents such as hexane

  
  

  The pH of the mobile phase can affect the elution of ionisable analytes

  
  

  The stationary phase is relatively non-polar

  
  

  Separation is based on partition of the analytes

  
  

  The more polar the analyte, the more rapidly it is eluted


  The mobile phase consists of low-polarity solvents such as hexane
• The clearance of a drug might be quoted in which ONE of the following units?

  h-1

  h-1.kg-1

  L.h-1.kg-1

  mg.h-1

  mg

  L.h-1.kg-1
• An 18 year old male student comes in to your pharmacy complaining of symptoms likely to be associated with allergic rhinitis. Upon questioning you find that he is otherwise healthy, not on any other medication and has previously been diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. His symptoms are rhinorrhea, congestion, sneezing and pruritis. Which ONE of the following treatments is most likely to improve all of these symptoms?

  Oral antihistamine

  Oral steroid

  Nasal decongestant

  Nasal steroid

  Nasal antihistamine

  Nasal steroid
• Which ONE of the following herbs should NOT be concurrently used with anticoagulants?

  Ephedra

  Feverfew

  Valerian

  Black Cohosh

  Echinacea

  Feverfew
• Which ONE of the following is NOT a risk factor for venous thromboembolism?

  Recent surgery

  Cancer

  Obesity

  Haemophilia

  Pregnancy

  Haemophilia
• Which ONE of the following statements in relation to aspirin and statin therapy is CORRECT?

  Statins should be started if the 10 year QRISK2 is > 20%

  
  

  Aspirin should not be used for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

  
  

  Clopidogrel is more appropriate than aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

  
  

  Statins cannot be used if the patient has ischaemic heart disease

  
  

  Statins are a likely cause of postural hypotension in newly treated hypertensive patients

  Aspirin should not be used for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
• Which ONE of the following is the most appropriate to provide rapid relief of angina symptoms?

  
  

  Bisoprolol 10 mg tablets

  
  

  Amlodipine 10 mg tablets

  
  

  Glyceryl trinitrate 300 micrograms tablets

  
  

  Isosorbide mononitrate 40 mg MR capsules

  
  

  Nicorandil 10 mg tablets

  Glyceryl trinitrate 300 micrograms tablets
• Which ONE of the following potentially causes asystole, severe hypotension and heart failure when given concomitantly with beta blockers?

  
  

  Lercanidipine

  Amlodipine

  Felodipine

  Verapamil

  Lercidipine

  Verapamil
• Which ONE of the following exacerbates digoxin toxicity?

  
  

  Hyperkalaemia

  Hypercalcaemia

  Hypomagnesaemia

  Hyponatremia

  Hypokalaemia

  Hypokalaemia
• Which ONE of the following amino acids does the thiol group of captopril mimic when it inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme?

  Phenylalanine (PHE)

  Histidine (HIS)

  Glutamic acid (GLU)

  Arginine (ARG)

  Leucine (LEU)

  Histidine (HIS)
• Which ONE of the drug structures below is an example of a phenylalkylamine?

  Amlodipine

  Nifedipine

  Verapamil

  Diltiazem

  Felodipine

  Verapamil
• Which ONE of the drug structures below is a first generation 1,4-dihydropyridine?

  Amlodipine

  Verapamil

  Nifedipine

  Felodipine

  Diltiazem

  Nifedipine
• Which ONE of the excipients below is used as a disintegrant in a tablet formulation?

  Lactose

  Microcrystalline cellulose

  Magnesium stearate

  Silicon dioxide

  Croscarmellose sodium

  Croscarmellose sodium
• Which ONE of the excipients below is a glidant used to improve powder flow in a tablet formulation?

  Magnesium stearate

  Lactose

  Croscarmellose sodium

  Microcrystalline cellulose

  Silicon dioxide

  Silicon dioxide
• Which ONE of the following statements regarding asthma is INCORRECT?

  The drug omalizumab (Xolair®) can be used in the treatment of Asthma

  
  

  Asthma is twice as common in males than females

  
  

  People can die of Asthma

  
  

  Asthma can be triggered by cold air in some people

  
  

  Asthma is characterised by early and late asthmatic responses

  Asthma is twice as common in males than females
• Which ONE of the following statements regarding the use of Self-Management plans in asthma is CORRECT?

  
  

  Patients may be required to increase their doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a self-management plan in response to a worsening of their asthma symptoms

  
  

  Evidence shows that patients with self-management plans are more likely to be hospitalised as a result of worsening of their asthma symptoms

  
  

  Antibiotics form a crucial part of self-management plans in the treatment of patients with asthma

  
  

  Patients need to have a home nebuliser system in order to make effective use of self-management plans

  
  

  Effective use of a self-management plan means there is never a need for a patient to contact their GP regarding their asthma management.


  Patients may be required to increase their doses of inhaled corticosteroids as part of a self-management plan in response to a worsening of their asthma symptoms
• Which ONE of the following can significantly reduce the progressive decline in lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

  Vitamin supplements

  Low fat diet

  The use of inhaled steroids

  Smoking cessation

  Regular vigorous exercise

  Smoking cessation
• Which ONE of the following medicines utilised in the treatment of COPD acts by influencing the balance of glycoproteins within mucus?

  Tiotropium

  Carbocisteine

  Prednisolone

  Roflumilast

  Ipratropium

  Carbocisteine
• What is the usual target range for theophylline plasma concentrations?

  15-25 mg/L

  5-10 mg/L

  30-40 mg/L

  10-20 mg/L

  20-30 mg/L

  10-20 mg/L
• In addition to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which ONE of the following organisms is associated with Tuberculosis (TB)?

  Mycobacterium leprae

  Mycobacterium gordonae clade

  Mycobacterium africanum

  Mycobacterium avium

  Mycobacterium Kansasii clade

  PreviousNext

  Mycobacterium africanum
• Which ONE of the following medicines has no anti-mycobacterial activity but is given to patients to prevent peripheral neuropathy associated with the treatment of tuberculosis?

  Isoniazid

  Pyridoxine

  Rifampicin

  Pyrazinamide

  Ethambutol

  Pyridoxine
• Which ONE of the following statements regarding Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is INCORRECT?

  A decline in lung function in CF patients is linked to chronic lung inflammation

  In CF patients, biofilm formation is the final stage of pseudomonal infection

  The periciliary liquid layer in CF patients consists of mucin glycoproteins

  Impaired mucociliary clearance can result in chronic lung infection in CF patients

  The proteases produced by neutrophils can cleave structural proteins in the lungs

  The periciliary liquid layer in CF patients consists of mucin glycoproteins
• Which ONE of the following statements regarding pulmonary drug delivery devices is CORRECT?

  A suspension pMDI generally has a lower respirable fraction of emitted dose than a solution pMDI.

  A dry powder inhaler (DPI) results in a variable dose because of patient's poor inhaler technique.

  A spacer device can be added to a breath actuated pMDI allowing a patient to inhale under normal tidal volume.

  Jet nebulizers convert the aqueous drug solution/suspension in to a spray for inhalation using a piezoelectric crystal.

  A solution pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI) must be shaken by patient before use.


  A suspension pMDI generally has a lower respirable fraction of emitted dose than a solution pMDI.
• Which ONE of the following would be the most suitable to recommend over the counter for a 5-year old child with an uncomplicated chesty cough that he's had for 2 days?

  Diphenhydramine

  Glycerol

  Codeine

  Pholcodeine

  Guaifenesin

  Glycerol
• To which ONE of the following classes of antibiotic does erythromycin (depicted below) belong?

  Aminoglycosides

  Quinolones

  Macrolides

  Beta lactams

  Tetracyclines

  Macrolides
• Which one of the following is required when using the "start smart" approach to antibiotic prescribing?

  Document clinical indication in the clinical notes but not on the drug chart

  Include review/stop date or duration

  Take a drug history

  Start an antibiotic without evidence of infection

  Obtain cultures after commencing therapy

  Include review/stop date or duration
• Based on the product shelf-life, how many days after opening must a patient discard any unused eye drops within a multiuse bottle?

  28

  8

  14

  2

  21

  28
• Which ONE of the following is NOT an approved type of childhood immunisation?

  An inactivated version of the organism is injected into the child

  
  

  A live attenuated version of the organism is injected into the child

  
  

  A live version or the organism is injected into the child

  
  

  The detoxifies exotoxin of the organism is injected into the child

  Extracts of the organism is injected into the child

  A live version or the organism is injected into the child
• Which ONE of the following statements about photoallergy is INCORRECT?

  It is a lifelong condition

  Its biochemistry involves an ionised cysteine acting as a biological nucleophile

  It typically manifests itself on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun

  Any chemical that can haptenate a protein can trigger it

  Its biochemistry involves an inflammatory response

  Any chemical that can haptenate a protein can trigger it
• Which ONE of the following statements relating to Bordetellas

  
  

  This organism is Gram positive and causes whooping cough

  This organism is classed as a coccus shaped bacterium and causes myocarditis

  This organism is classed as a coccus shaped bacterium and causes whooping cough

  This organism is Gram negative and causes whooping cough

  This organism is classed as a rod shaped bacterium and causes myocarditis

  this organism is Gram negative and causes whooping cough
• Histoplasmosis is an infection that primarily affects lungs. Which ONE of the following agents would be most suitable to treat this disease?

  Amoxycillin

  Amphotericin B

  Ciprofloxacin

  Amantadine

  Co-amoxiclav

  Amphotericin B
• Which ONE of the following methods of sterilisation would be most suitable for the preparation of vaccines for parenteral use?

  Moist heat

  None of the above as vaccines do not require sterilisation

  Gamma irradiation

  Microfiltration

  Dry Heat

  Microfiltration
• Which ONE of the following correctly describes the quality of grade A air in a pharmaceutical cleanroom?

  Sterile with a controlled level of humidity

  Free from contaminants

  Free from non-viable particles but with moderate level of microorganisms

  Sterile

  Controlled level of particles and almost free from microorganisms


  Controlled level of particles and almost free from microorganisms
• Which ONE of the following statements about the central nervous system is INCORRECT?

  Glycine mediates inhibition within spinal cord and brainstem.

  
  

  Carbidopa inhibits the peripheral metabolism of levodopa improving its efficacy

  
  

  Allosteric modulators that potentiate the action of GABA include ethanol and glycine.

  
  

  The NMDA-receptor is important in the pathology of hyperalgesia, epilepsy and stroke.

  
  

  GABA-B receptors mediate therapeutic actions of spinal muscle relaxants (e.g. baclofen).


  Allosteric modulators that potentiate the action of GABA include ethanol and glycine.