STAS MIDTERMS

• Philosophy - the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reasons, mind and language.
• Branches of Philosophy

  • Natural Philosophy
  • Moral Philosophy
  • Metaphysical Philosopy
• German philosopher whose work is associated with phenomology and existentialism?

  Martin Heidegger
• Whose ideas have exerted influence on the development of contemporary European philosophy?


  Martin Heidegger
• Who wrote Being and Time (1927)?

  Martin HEidegger
• Causa materialis - the material, the matter out of which an object is made
• causa formalis - the form, the shape in which the material enters
• causa efficiens - which brings about the end that is finished
• causa finalis - end
• bringing forth - making somethibg
• poesis - the bringing forth, which underlies causality isa a bringing out of concealment
• Aletheia - means unhiddedness or disclosure, what the Greeks called truth
• piety - means obedience and submission
• calculative thinking - one orders and put a system to nature so it can be understood better and controlled
• meditative thinking - one lets nature reveal itself without forcing it
• aristotelianism - views technology as means to an end
• Who is this French philosopher who holds that technology is progressive and beneficial in many ways. It is also doubtfuk in many ways?

  Jacques Ellul
• Technological optimism believes that technology is the answer to all man’s problems.
• According to Ellul, pessimistic arguments are:

  1. Technological has a price
  2. Technological progress creates more problem
  3. Technological progress creates damaging effects
  4. Technological progress creates unpredictable devastating effecs
• Technological pessimism - This view is strongly supported by technologists and engineers and also by ordinary people who believe that technology can alleviate all the difficulties and provide solutions for problems that may come.
• Existentialism - the main concern of this view is the existence or the mode of being of someone or something which is governed by the norm of authenticity
• Enframing - Gathering of the setting-upon challenges to bring the concealed to unconcealment. Also shows the essence of modern technology
• Human flourishing - defined as an endeavor to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger community of individuals
• Human flourishing - also means access to the pleasant life, the engaged or good llife, and the meaningful life
• Eudamonia - means good spirit is a property of one’s life when considered as a whole. It is formally egoistic in that a person’s normative reason for choosing particular actions stems from the idea that he must pursue his own good or flourishing. It also implies a divine state of being that humanity is able to strive toward and possibly reach
• Eudamonia - is a Greek word, which refers to state of having a good indwelling spirit of being in a contented state of being healthy, hapy, and prosperous
• human being - highest form of these living organisms, is said to have characteristics which cannot be substantiated through mere science
• Smith (2012) - shared that we can't turn to science for an answer because in the first place, science identified humans with varied opinions and limited evidence
• Blakemore and Greenfield - recognized that the position of intellect distinguishes a human being from another creature
• Blakemore and Greenfield - this intellect support self-consciousness and awareness sufficient for the achievement of human's function, discovery of truth, and development of mankind.
• Heidegger used the term 'dasein', which literally means being there
• Friedrich Nietzche - was a German philosopher and cultural critic who published intensively in the 1870's and 1880's
• He is known for his criticisms on psychological analyses that resulted to opposing ideas on the people's received ideas?

  Friedrich Nietzche
• Eudaimonia - Eu = good: Daimon = spirit = good life
• Good life - happiness and virtue
• Virtue- intellectual and moral
• What's the 4 pillar of good life?

  health, wealth, love, and happiness
• GOLDEN RULE

  Confucius - What you do not want to do to yourself, do not do to others

  Aristotle - We should behave to others as we wish others to behave to us

  Buddhism - hurt not others with that which pains thyself

  Christianity - Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
• materialism - a form of philosophical monism which holds that the matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness are results of material interactions
• Who was the first materialists?

  Atomists in ancient greece