NUTRITION PROCUREMENT & PROCESSING

• NUTRITION - helps living organisms develop their bodies, grow, heal damaged body parts, and give energy for life and activity
• MODES OF NUTRITION

  • AUTOTROPHIC

  • HETEROTROPHIC
• AUTOTROPHIC - can produce their own food
• HETEROTROPHIC - cannot produce their own food
• DIGESTION - the mechanical and chemical process by which complex food substances are broken down into simpler substances
• PARTS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  • MOUTH

  • ESOPHAGUS

  • STOMACH

  • LIVER

  • GALL BLADDER

  • PANCREAS

  • SMALL INTESTINE

  • LARGE INTESTINE

  • RECTUM AND ANUS
• MOUTH - produce saliva where mechanical mastication of food takes place to form bolus
• ESOPHAGUS - a muscular tube that conducts peristalsis and served as passageway for food
• STOMACH - a muscular sac that contains gastric juices that helps to breakdown the food chemically
• LIVER - produces bile that helps in the digestion of fats
• GALL BLADDER - helps in the storage of bile and discharging it from the cystic duct (can be found at the back portion of liver)
• PANCREAS - release pancreatic juices and enzymes which help in the digestion of protein and starch
• SMALL INTESTINE - a tube that contains villi which absorbs the nutrients and water from the food
• LARGE INTESTINE - a tube that absorbs water and salts from the materials that has not been digested as food, and gets rid of any waste products
• RECTUM AND ANUS - temporary storage of feces. An opening that eliminates feces in the body
• DIGESTIVE PROCESS

  • INGESTION

  • DIGESTION

  • ABSORPTION

  • ELIMINATION
• INGESTION - taking in food materials
• DIGESTION - breaking down food materials into smaller pieces
• ABSORPTION - movement of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from small intestine to the cell, then into the blood
• ELIMINATION - undigested material passes out of the system
• FEEDING MECHANISM OF ANIMALS

  • SUBSTRATE FEEDERS

  • FILTER FEEDERS

  • FLUID FEEDERS

  • BULK FEEDERS
• SUBSTRATE FEEDERS - animals that live on the source of their food and eat through it (ex. earthworm, caterpillar, and termites).
• FILTER FEEDERS - aquatic animals strain the food particles from the water (ex. clams, whale shark, and hydra).
• FLUID FEEDERS - animal sucks fluid containing nutrients from another animals (ex. aphids, leeches, and mosquitoes).
• BULK FEEDERS - animals breakdown and swallow large amount of food particles (ex. lion, wolves, cats, and humans).
• PLANT NUTRITION - the process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy in order for the plant to make their own food. 6CO2 + 6H2O + SUNLIGHT --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• PLANT PARTS INVOLVED IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  • ROOTS

  • LEAVES
• ROOTS - absorbs and transport water and nutrients from the soil to the rest of plant (xylem).
• LEAVES - main site for photosynthesis. Contains chloroplast and stomata.
• FEEDING MECHANISM IN PLANT

  • TRAPPING MECHANISM
• TRAPPING MECHANISM - insect eating plants capture and digest their prey through pitfalls and traps
• TYPES OF TRAPPING MECHANISM PLANTS

  • VENUS FLYTRAP

  • PITCHER PLANT

  • COBRA LILY

  • YELLOW PITCHER PLANT

  • SUNDEW

  • MONKEY CUP
• VENUS FLYTRAP - closes down and traps there prey when touched
• PITCHER PLANT - gives sweet odor to make their prey fall into the pitcher
• COBRA LILY - confuses their prey when they enter its translucent window in the leaf
• YELLOW PITCHER PLANT - collects rainwater to attract their prey
• SUNDEW - traps its prey using its sticky substance found in their leaves
• MONKEY CUP - traps and feed on their prey inside their cups
• PLANT NUTRITION (MACRONUTRIENTS)

  • NITROGEN

  • PHOSPHORUS

  • CALCIUM

  • POTASSIUM

  • SULFUR

  • MAGNESIUM
• PLANT NUTRITION (MICRONUTRIENTS)

  • IRON

  • ZINC

  • CHLORINE

  • COPPER

  • BORON

  • MANGANESE

  • MOLYBDENUM