chem paper 1 equations

• concentration (g/dm^3)


  mass (g) / volume (dm^3)
• mean rate of reaction (g/s or cm^3/s)

  quantity of reactant or product formed/time taken
• moles


  mass (g)/relative formula mass
• number of particles in a substance

  moles x avogadro's constant
• % yield

  actual yield/theoretical yield x 100
• atom economy


  (rfm of desired products/rfm of all products) x 100
• concentration (mol/dm^3)


  moles / volume (dm^3)
• volume of gas at room temp/pressure (dm^3)

  moles x 24
• cm^3 to dm^3

  divide by 1000
• chromatography

  Rf = distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent