Distillation

• which piece of equipment cools vapor to separate liquids in distillation?

  the condenser
• Why is simple distillation used in chemistry?

  to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points
• How can pure substances be distinguished from impure ones?

  pure substances have specific melting/boiling points. Impure substances melt/boil across a temperature range.
• Name the equipment used in distillation.

  Bunsen burner, round bottom flask, thermometer, condenser, flask,
• Describe the changes of state in distillation in order?

  1-first the solution is heated to evaporate one of the liquids

  2-then the vapour is cooled to condense it back to a liquid in another flask
• Why can't you use simple distillation for mixtures that contain multiple different liquids ?

  If the liquids have similar boiling points, those liquids may evaporate at the same time.
• Why would you need to use fractional distillation rather than simple distillation?

  Fractional distillation is used when the mixture contains multiple liquids with similar boiling points.
• How does fractional distillation work?

  1-the solution is placed in a flask and gently heated

  2-The liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates into a vapour and passes through the fractioning column

  3-As it passes into the condenser it condenses back into a liquid in a beaker

  4-if another liquid had evaporated it would have condensed again while passing through the fractioning column

  5-As the temp is increased, the process repeats for the liquid with the second lowest boiling point, which is collected in a different beaker and so on
• What is the fractioning column used in a laboratory fraction distillation filled with? Explain why?

  small glass rods which provide a large surface area which will cause gases to condense back into liquid if the temp is below their boiling point.
• How does simple distillation work?

  1-The solution is heated and the part of the solution that has the lowest boiling point will evaporate first

  2-The vapour is then cooled, condenses and is collected

  3-The rest of the solution is left in the flask