Cells

• Eukaryotes


  Organisms made up of eukaryotic cells
• Prokaryotes


  Single-celled organisms
• Main types of cells

  • Prokaryotic
  • Eukaryotic
• Bacteria cells are prokaryotic
• Bacteria cells


  Have a single circular strand of DNA and plasmids that float freely in the cytoplasm, no true nucleus
• Plasmids


  Small rings of DNA
• Subcellular structures in animal cells

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• Functions of animal cell subcellular structures

  • Nucleus contains genetic material
  • Cytoplasm is gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen
  • Cell membrane controls what goes in and out
  • Mitochondria provide energy for cellular respiration
  • Ribosomes produce proteins
• Functions of plant cell subcellular structures

  • Cell wall supports and strengthens the cell
  • Vacuole contains cell sap
  • Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and absorb light for photosynthesis
• Nucleus - controls all activities within the cell and houses genetic material (DNA).
• Cytoplasm - The jelly-like substance inside the cell where most chemical reactions take place.
• Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
• Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the normal chromosome number, essential for sexual reproduction.
• Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four genetically different haploid cells from one diploid cell.
• What are the subcellular structures in a bacteria cell

  Cell membrane

  cell wall

  cytoplasm

  singular circular strand of DNA

  plasmids

  flagellum
• What are the subcellular structures of plant cells

  Cell membrane

  cell wall

  cytoplasm

  mitochondria

  ribosomes

  nucleus

  vacuole

  chloroplasts