Exam 3

• Why is statistics important? Give 5 reasons. Statistics is important because individuals are able to effectively conduct research, read and evaluate articles, develop critical thinking and analytic skills, data used to inform clients, evaluations of interventions and can be used for company finances. 
• What is evidence-based practice? Evidence-based practice is a process best evidence, clinical expertise, and patient perspective about patient care.
• What are the 5 stages of evidence-based practice process? The five stages are Ask questions, Acquire, Search for evidence, appraise evidence, Selecting intervention. Evaluation.  
• What are descriptive statistics? Descriptive statistics is a set of methods to summarize and describe main features of the data set. Descriptive statistics is central tendency, variability, and distribution.
• What is inferential statistics? Inferential statistics is derived from observation on samples which test whether or not that sample has different populations. Inferential statistics is BLANK. 
• What are levels of measurement? The level of measurements is nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
• What is level of measurements? These all describe the relationship between values to each variable.
• What is nominal? Nominal is categories as nouns or label without numeric value like blood type
• What is ordinal? Ordinal is categories that have a ranking like range of income.  
• What is a variable? A variable is a character, number or quantity that can be measured.
• What is dependent variable? A dependent variable is a variable that changes in response to an independent variable. An example of this is tree. The tree is dependent on the sun.
• What is independent variable? Independent variables are not affected by other variables. An example of this is sun.  
• What is absolute frequency? Absolute frequency distribution is the number of times a value appears in a trail of set of trails. Example is 10 friends if blue is their favorite color and three say yes and seven say no, you have enough information to determine absolute frequency: the absolute frequency of "yes" is equal to three and that of "no" is equal to seven
• What is cumulative frequency? Cumulative frequency distribution is the sum of values and all values below it. An example is payroll, you get paid $250 one week and $300 the next. The cumulative frequency for week 2 is $550. 
• What is relative frequency? Relative frequency distribution is the proportion of times a value appears in a data set. An example is if a football team has won 9 games out of 12, the relative frequency of winning is 9/12, or 75%.
• What is a bar graph?A bar graph is the use of rectangular bars of varying heights to represent categorical data. 

  
• What is a pie chart? A pie chart shows parts to the whole relationship for categorical data.

  
• What is a histogram? A histogram is a graphical representation of data points organized into user-specified ranges. Similar in appearance to a bar graph, the histogram condenses a data series into an easily interpreted visual by taking many data points and grouping them into logical ranges or bins

  
• What is frequency polygon?A graph that shows the frequencies of data values and connects the points with straight lines.

  
• What is mean? Mean is the average of given numbers. Mean = (sum of all observations/total number of observations. For example, you have 6 apples, and your friend has 6 apples. 12 apples and 2 people. 12/2=6
• What is median?Median is the middle value. An example is 2,4,6,6,7,8, 9, the middle number is 6.  
• What is mode? Mode is the most occurring value. For example, 2,3,3,3,5,6. Mode is 3. 
• What is probability? Probability is the number of possible outcomes divided by the total number of trails. For example, if a coin is tossed 10 times and heads are recorded 6 times, the experimental probability for heads is 6/10, or 3/5.
• What is non-probability? Non-probability is a technique in statistics where some members of a population have a higher chance of being selected than others, but the probability of this is unknown. An example of this is a researcher who goes to a local mall on the weekend and asks each person they pass if they would complete a survey. 
• What is standard deviation?Standard deviation is a measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the mean. An example is the data follows a normal distribution with a mean score of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.