Alcohol

• How do you make ethanol in industrial production

  Need an acid catalyst and a high pressure And temperature
• what is the equation for making ethanol in industry

  CH2CH2 + H20 —> CH3CH2OH
• what are the advantages of industrial production

  100 % atom economy
• what are the disadvantages of industrial production of ethanol

  toxic , expensive
• what are the conditions to make ethanol from fermentation

  yeast , 30-40 , glucose
• what is the equation to make ethanol from fermentation

  C6H12O6 —> 2C2H50H + 2CO2
• what are the advantages of making ethanol from fermentation

  low energy cost
• what are the disadvantages of making ethanol from fermentation

  batch process - labour intensive
• draw a labelled distillation flask

  image shown below

  
• draw a hydrogen bond between water

  google answer
• what is a filtrate

  the substance collected after filtering
• what is distillation

  partially heated to separate a solution with different boiling points
• what is reflux

  the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure the reaction fully completes and there is no loss of liquid
• what is volatility

  how readily a substance evaporates , low boiling point means high volatility
• compare the boiling points of alcohol and alkanes of a similar MR

  alcohols have a higher boiling point due to having hydrogen bonding with each other which requires more energy to break
• at room temperature ethanol is a liquid whilst ethane is a gas 


  it has a lower boiling point as ethanol has a bigger mr and hydrogen bonds which are stronger so require more energy to overcome
• compare and explain the solubility of pentan-1-ol and methanol in water

  Methanol is more soluble as it has less London forces due to it being a shorter chain compared to pentan-1-ol where a bigger proportion of the molecule cannot hydrogen bond with water
• What is combustion of propan-2-ol equation

  CH3CH(OH)CH3 + 1/2OH —> 3CO2 + 4H20
• what is the dehydration / elimination of an alcohol

  turns to an Allene as you ass heat and a concentrated acid catalyst
• what happens when you react with a hydrogen halide ie HBR

  need NaBr and an acid catalyst under reflux

  CH3CH2OH + HBR —> CH3CH2BR + H20
• what happens when you add oxygen or loss of oxygen

  primary alcohol + acidified dichromate —> aldehyde ( distil )

  primary alcohol + acidified dichromate —> COOH ( reflux )

  secondary alcohol + acidified dichromate —> ketone

  tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised
• what is the colour change when you oxidise an alcohol

  orange to green