HUMAN FLOURISHING

• Aristotelianism


  This views technology as basically a means to an end. To Aristotle, technology is the organizing of techniques in order to meet the demand that is being posed by humans.
• Technological pessimism


  Holds that technology is progressive and beneficial in many ways, it is also doubtful in many ways.
• Technological pessimism

  • Technological progress has a price
  • Technological progress creates more problems
  • Technological progress creates damaging effects
  • Technological progress creates unpredictable devastating effects
• Technological optimism


  This view is strongly supported by technologists and engineers and also by ordinary people who believe that technology can alleviate all the difficulties and provide solutions for problems that may come.
• Technocratism


  The extreme version of technological optimism which holds technology as the supreme authority on everything.
• Existentialism


  The main concern of this view is the existence or the mode of being of someone or something which is governed by the norm of authenticity.
• Instrumental definition of technology

  According to Heidegger, this definition encourages us to view technology from different periods of time as not having fundamental differences.
• Heidegger argued that "technology is by no means technological" and should not be seen as merely neutral.
• Causa Materialis

  The Material Cause
• Causa Formalis

  The Formal Cause
• Causa Finalis

  The Final Cause
• Causa Efficiens

  The Efficient Cause
• Poesis


  Bringing forth, characterized by an external force
• Physics


  Something that comes without any external force, like a flower blooming or a tree bearing fruit
• Enframing


  The continuous bringing forth into unconcealment that which is concealed. This is a non-stop revealing.
• Enframing


  • Gathering of the setting-upon challenges to bring the concealed to unconcealment
  • Shows the essence of modern technology
  • Putting in order whatever is presented to the man who sets upon the unconcealed
• Revealing opens up a relationship between man and the world but an opening up of something means a closing down of something which means as something is revealed, another is concealed.
• Another danger is when man falls into a misinterpretation of that which is presented to him. That is when he sees himself in the object before him rather than seeing the object itself.
• Heidegger argued that this can be prevented if man will not allow himself to be overwhelmed with the enframing that he was set upon, but he pause for a while and reflect on the value of what is presented anthropological.
• Dasein

  Literally means "being there", focuses on the "mode of existence" or the "who" of "Dasein".
• Dasein


  • Dasein exist in a world
  • Dasein has a self that it defines as it exist in such world
• Eudaimonia


  A Greek word referring to the state of having a good indwelling spirit; a good genius. In moral philosophy, it refers to the right actions as those that result in the well-being of an individual.
• Ataraxia


  A state of equanimity, as a way to achieve Eudaimonia according to Pyrrhonism.
• Epoch


  The Pyrrhonist practice of suspending judgment in order to achieve ataraxia.
• Flourishing


  An endeavor to achieve self-actualization and fulfillment within the context of a larger community of individuals. This also means access to the pleasant life, the engaged or good life and the meaningful life.
• Philosophers' views are the evidence of objective sense of how it means to flourish.
• Flourishing can either be based on the state of mind (e.g mental habit) or a kind of value (e.g insights, outlook).
• Technological pessimism - they believe that technology is not the answer to man's problem
• Technological optimism - they believe that technology will solve all problems
• Happiness (for Aristotle)


  The highest desire and ambition of all human beings
• To achieve happiness (for Aristotle)


  • One must cultivate the highest virtues within oneself
  • Human beings have a natural desire and capacity to know and understand the truth, to pursue moral excellence, and to instantiate their ideals in the world through action
• Flourishing (for Aristotle)


  The greatest good of human endeavors and that toward which all actions aim
• Popular conceptions of the best life for human beings (according to Aristotle)


  • A philosophical life
  • Life of pleasure
  • A life of political activity
• Eudaimonia


  The state of having good indwelling spirit; a good genius
• Eudaimonia (in moral philosophy)


  The right actions as those that result in the well-being of an individual
• Epicurus's view on happiness

  Balance and temperature were created space for happiness
• Epicurus's view is not more of how happiness can be defined but more on theory about the real source to experience it
• Socrates's view on virtues


  • Self-control, justice, courage, wisdom, piety and related qualities of mind and soul are absolutely crucial if a person is to lead a good and happy life
  • Virtues guarantee a happy life Eudaimonia
• Eudaimonia (for Plato)


  Depends on virtue (arête) which is the most crucial and the dominant constituent
• Eudaimonia (for Pyrrhonists)


  The attainment of ataraxia (a state of equanimity) as a way to achieve it