ENGLISH 10 (4th quarter, RESEARCH)

• Research

  A systematic investigation to contribute to an existing body of knowledge
• Technical Terms Used in Research

  • Research Title
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Literature Review
  • Methodology
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • Results
  • Cultural Mapping
  • Interview
  • Interview Guide
  • Questionnaire
  • Survey
  • Plagiarism
  • In-text Citation
  • Reference
  • Appendix
• Research Title

  A subject or topic that researcher finds interesting when conducting research, which needs to be narrowed down to focus on the main idea
• Abstract


  Summarizes all sections and helps readers decide whether or not to read the entire report
• Introduction


  Presents background information, scope, and focus of the research paper
• Literature Review


  Provides a review of what others have written or researched on concerning the topic. In some research reports, concept literature, research literature, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, research hypothesis, and definition of terms are also included
• Methodology


  Explains how the research was conducted, including the research design, population and sampling procedure, research instrument, data gathering procedure, and data analysis procedure
• Discussion

  Presents the information gathered through the research
• Conclusion


  Provides the summary of the research, bringing the report to closure by giving emphasis to ideas stated previously
• Results


  Contains other related information such as graphs, charts, tables, and lists
• Cultural Mapping


  A research tool to holistically understand the cultural assets of a place based on the local knowledge of the people
• Interview


  A conversational practice where knowledge is produced through the interaction between an interviewer and an interviewee or a group of interviewees
• Interview Guide

  Summarizes the content that researchers cover during interviews, ranging from very minimal directions to "less structured" interviews designed primarily to explore the participant's own perspective on the research topic
• Tips for Formulating Questions

  • Pose open, rather than closed questions
  • Sequence interview questions from broad to narrow
  • Avoid the inclusion of possible responses in questions
  • Pose one question at a time
  • Avoid posing multi-part questions
• Questionnaire


  A set of questions to gather information in a survey, which may be in the form of open-end, multiple choice, or checklist format
• Tips for Writing a Great Survey Questionnaire

  • Focus on asking closed-ended questions
  • Keep your survey questions neutral
  • Keep a balanced set of answer choices
  • Don't ask for two things at once
  • Keep your questions different from each other
  • Let most of your questions be optional to answer
• Survey


  A statistical analysis of answers to a poll of a sample of a population, e.g. to determine opinions, or knowledge
• Plagiarism


  Occurs when ideas, information, and even pictures are used without proper acknowledgement of the original sources
• In-text Citation


  Providing in-text citation or parenthetical text from another source is a surefire method to avoid plagiarism
• In-text Citation


  • According to Shane (2021), use of in-text citation shows that the idea is not yours and that you acknowledge its rightful source
• In-text Citation


  • The use of in-text citation shows that the idea is not yours and that you acknowledge its original source (Shane, 2001)
• Reference


  A list of all sources used in research
• Appendix


  Contains related information such as graphs, charts, tables, lists