Cell biology

Created by

Lorelie

Cards (65)

What are examples of eukaryotic cells
plants, animals, fungi
What are examples of prokaryotic cells
bacteria
What is the function of the nucleus 
Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
Whats the function of the cytoplasm
Chemical reactions happen there- it contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions
Whats the function of the cell membrane 
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What's the function of the mitochondria?
Where respiration happens- respiration transferred energy that the cell needs
Whats the function of the ribosomes
Where protein synthesis takes place
What is a cell wall made of
Cellulose
Wha is the function of the cell wall
Supports and strengthens the cell
What does the permanent vacuole contain
Cell sap- a weak solution of sugars and salts
Whats chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis takes place
Whats the function of chlorophyll 
Absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
What does a bacterial cell contain
cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, free floating dna
What do light microscopes use to form an image
Light and lenses
What can be seen using a light microscope
Individual cells and large sub cellular structures
What do electron microscopes use to form an image
Electrons
Whats the difference between light and electron microscopes
Electron microscopes have a higher resolution and magnification
What can e seen with electron microscopes
The internal structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria and plasmids and ribosomes
What is differentiation 
the process by which cells become specialized
How do cells differentiate
They develop different sub cellular structures and turn into different types of cell so they can carry out their functions
When does differentiation mainly occur
As an organism develops
What is an undifferentiated cell?
stem cell
How are sperm cells specialised
Long tail and streamlined head- to help it swim
Lots of mitochondria- to provide energy
Carries enzymes-to digest the egg cell membrane
How are nerve cells specialised
They are long and have branched connections at their ends to form a network throughout the body
How are muscle cells specialised
They are long and contain lots of mitocondrea to provide energy needed for contraction
How are root hair cells specialised?
Has a large surface area to absorb more water and mineral ions
How are phloem and xylem cells specialised?
They are long and joined end to end to form tubes so they can transport substances
How is the xylem specialised?
Xylem cells are hollow in the centre so substances can flow through
How is phloem specialised
Has very few sub cellular structures so substances can flow through them
What is the cell cycle 
Body cells divide to produce new cells
What is the 1st stage of the cell cycle
Growth and dna replication
What does the cell have to increase before it divides
Sub cellular structures
What does the cell do to its dna
Duplicates its dna- dna is copied and forms x shaped chromosomes
What is the first stage of mitosis
The chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell and cell fibres pull them apart. The two arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell.
What is the second stage of mitosis
Membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes. These become the nuclei of the two new cells - the nucleus has divided.
What is the last stage of mitosis
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide- the cell has produced 2 daughter cells
How do prokaryotic cells replicate
Binary fission
What is the first stage of binary fission
The circular DNA and plasmids replicate
What is the second stage of binary fission
The cell gets bigger and the circular DNA moves to opposite poles of the cell
What is the third sage of binary fission
Cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begin to form