Preventing pathogens from making us unwell

• 3 Ways that Pathogens can be spread

  Direct contact, water, air
• How do bacteria make us feel unwell?


  Produce toxins(poisons) that damage tissues
• How do viruses make us feel unwell?

  Live & reproduce in cells causing cell damage
• Name 4 of the body's non-specific defence systems

  skin, nose, trachea, stomach
• How does the skin prevent pathogens from making us unwell?


  prevent them from entering body
• How does the nose prevent pathogens from making us unwell

  Mucus to tap dirt & pathogens, ciliated cells to sweep it out
• How does the trachea prevent pathogens from making us unwell?

  Mucus to tap dirt & pathogens, ciliated cells to sweep it out
• How does the stomach prevent pathogens from making us unwell?

  Stomach acid to kill pathogens
• State three ways that white blood cells can help to defend us against pathogens

  Phagocytosis, antibody production, antitoxin production
• Which type of white blood cells carries out phagocytosis?


  Phagocytes
• State one thing that can trigger cancers to form

  Viruses in cells
• What causes tumours to form?

  Changes in cells that lead to uncontrolled growth and division
• Define "Benign tumour"


  Growth of abnormal cells contained in ONE area in a membrane
• Define "malignant tumour"


  Growth of abnormal cells that SPREAD to other parts of the body in blood and INVADE other tissues.