Causation

• Factual Causation

  But For Test (Pagett)
• Legal Causation

  D must be operating and substantial cause (Smith)

  Must be more than a slight and trifling link (Kimsey)
• Intervening Acts + Cases

  3rd Party - Jordan = treatment palpulby wrong

  Chesire = sufficiently independent

  V's Act - Roberts = Vs Act reasonably foreseeable

  Williams = Vs Act unreasonable, "daft"
• Thin Skull Rule + Case 


  Take V as you find them

  Blaue
• Life Support Machine + Case

  Switching off life support machine does not break chain

  Murderek+Steel